Polymer obtained by using silsesquioxane derivative

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides such a three-dimensional ladder polymer that has, as a main chain, a silsesquioxane skeleton having a structure of the cage structure of octasilsesquioxane with two broken corners. The polymer of the invention is a polymer obtained by using a silsesquioxane derivative represented by formula (1-0). R 0  each represents hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or arylalkyl, R 1  each represents chlorine, a group defined as similar to R 0 , or a group having —CN, X independently represents hydrogen, chlorine, a group defined as similar to R 1 , or a group having one of —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —OH, —COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene, oxetanyl, oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH— and —NH 2 ; and at least two of X each is a reactive group.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a polymer obtained by using asilsesquioxane derivative. The polymer is used as an electronicmaterial, an optical material, an electrooptical material, a coatingcomposition, a primer and the like.

BACKGROUND ART

A polymer having a silsesquioxane skeleton has been investigated forvarious applications owing to the peculiar structure thereof. A polymerhaving a silsesquioxane skeleton has been synthesized by the sol-gelprocess using an alkoxysilane, such as tetraethoxysilane. However, thereremain some problems in the sol-gel process. Examples of the problemsare that it requires prolonged reaction time, and a resulting polymertends to have fine pores remaining therein.

A polymer obtained by using a silsesquioxane having a cage structure ora derivative thereof has been investigated. The polymer is expected tobe excellent in weather resistance, heat resistance, physicalproperties, optical properties and the like. For example, PatentDocuments 1 and 2 disclose a production process of a copolymer obtainedby bonding a so-called incomplete cage structures, which has a defect inthe cage structure of silsesquioxane (i.e., a structure not having acomplete octahedral shape but having a defect in the octahedral shape),through siloxane. The production process uses such a method that apolyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane is crosslinked through abifunctional silane having an amine or the like as a functional group,siloxane or an organic metal compound. Non-patent Document 1 discloses aproduction process of a copolymer having a main chain obtained bybonding a silsesquioxane having an incomplete cage structure throughsiloxane or the like, and a production process of a copolymer having asilsesquioxane having a cage structure as a pendant copolymer componentand methacrylic acid as a main chain component. Furthermore, Non-patentDocument 2 discloses a production process of a silsesquioxane-siloxanecopolymer obtained by reacting OH bonded to Si positioned at a corner ofan incomplete cage structure of silsesquioxane withbis(dimethylamino)silane or the like.

Patent Document 3 discloses a production process of a copolymer byreacting a silsesquioxane having a complete cage structure with acompound having a vinyl group. Non-patent Document 3 reports thathydrogenated octasilsesquioxane and phenylethynylbenzene are subjectedto hydrosilylation polymerization to obtain a copolymer. Non-patentDocument 4 reports that a silsesquioxane compound having a complete cagestructure with vinyl groups bonded to plural corners of the cagestructure and a hydrogenated silsesquioxane compound having a completecage structure are subjected to hydrosilylation polymerization to obtaina gelled copolymer. Patent Documents 4 and 5 disclose a productionprocess for obtaining a copolymer having an organic solvent solublehydrogenated octasilsesquioxane by a reaction of a hydrogenatedoctasilsesquioxane having a cage structure with a hydroxylgroup-containing compound or a vinyl group-containing compound. All ofthese have such a structure that a silsesquioxane having a complete cagestructure is grafted to a main chain or forms a crosslinked point. Inthe case where a silsesquioxane having a cage structure is grafted to apolymer chain, the silsesquioxane exhibits a modification effect to thepolymer by inhibiting the local molecular motion, but does notcontribute to change in polymer chain structure. In the case where asilsesquioxane forms a crosslinked point, on the other hand, a gelledcopolymer is formed, which is inferior in moldability.

Patent Document 1:

U.S. Pat. No. 5,412,053

Patent Document 2:

U.S. Pat. No. 5,589,562

Patent Document 3:

U.S. Pat. No. 5,484,867

Patent Document 4:

JPP-A-2002-069191

Patent Document 5:

JP-A-2000-265065

Non-patent Document 1:

Comments Inorg. Chem., vol. 17, p. 115-130 (1995)

Non-patent Document 2:

Macromolecules, vol. 26, p. 2141-2142 (1993)

Non-patent Document 3:

Chem. Lett., 1998, p. 763-764

Non-patent Document 4″

J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 120, p. 8380-8391 (1998)

Non-patent Document 5:

Polymer Preprints, Japan, vol. 50, No. 12 (2001)

In electric and electronic materials, particularly, insulating property,heat resistance, durability, moldability and the like thereof aredemanded to be further improved. Since a silsesquioxane having a cagestructure is excellent in heat resistance, weather resistance, electricinsulating property, hardness, mechanical strength, chemical resistanceand the like, such a copolymer has been demanded that has asilsesquioxane having a cage structure as a main chain. Non-patentDocument 5 discloses a polymer having a silsesquioxane having a completecage structure as a main chain component, but there is only onedisclosed example for a copolymer using the polymer, and specificcharacteristics thereof are not sufficiently clarified. Furthermore, thecopolymer still has room for improvement, e.g., it has a glasstransition temperature of 125° C. An object of the present invention isto provide, in response to the aforementioned demands, such athree-dimensional ladder polymer that has, as a main chain, asilsesquioxane skeleton having a structure of the cage structure ofoctasilsesquioxane with two broken corners. In the followingdescription, the structure of the cage structure of octasilsesquioxanewith two broken corners will be referred to as a double-deckerstructure. The introduction of a silsesquioxane to the main chainfacilitates control of the molecular weight and enables adjustment ofthe demanded properties and the moldability.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The inventors have found that by using a silsesquioxane derivativerepresented by formula (1-0), such a polymer is obtained that has askeleton of the silsesquioxane derivative as a main chain. They alsohave found that a colorless transparent coating film obtained from thepolymer is excellent in adhesion property, flexibility, mechanicalstrength, heat resistance and the like, and has a function of preventingmetallic ions from being eluted. A preferred example of a process forobtaining the polymer is a process utilizing a hydrosilylation reaction.Preferred processes for obtaining the polymer utilizing ahydrosilylation reaction are the following two processes. The firstexample is a process of reacting a compound (1-0) having at least twoalkenyls with a compound having at least two Si—H groups in the presenceof a hydrosilylation catalyst. The second example is a process ofreacting a compound (1-0) having at least two Si—H groups with acompound having at least two alkenyls or a compound having acarbon-carbon triple bond in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst.

The terms used in the invention are defined as follows. Both alkyl andalkylene each may be either a linear group or a branched group. This isalso applied to the case where arbitrary hydrogen of the groups isreplaced by halogen or a cyclic group, and the case where arbitrary—CH₂— is replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, cycloalkylene, cycloalkenylene,phenylene or the like. The term “arbitrary” used in the invention meansthat not only the position but also the number are arbitrary. In thecase where plural groups are replaced by other groups, the groups may bereplaced by different groups, respectively. For example, in the casewhere —CH₂— in alkyl may be replaced by —O— or —CH═CH—, the alkyl may bealkoxyalkenyl or alkenyloxyalkyl. The groups of alkoxy, alkenylene,alkenyl and alkylene in these groups each may be either a linear groupor a branched group. However, in the case where it is described in theinvention that arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O—, plural —CH₂—adjacent to each other are not replaced by —O—. Examples of the halogenin the invention include fluorine, chlorine and bromine. The term“alkenyl” is defined as a generic term of alkenyl and groups havingalkenyl. However, these definitions are not applied in the case wherethey are used as a part of a compound name.

The aforementioned problems are solved by the following items.

[1] A polymer obtained by using a silsesquioxane derivative representedby formula (1-0):

wherein R⁰ each independently represents hydrogen, alkyl, aryl orarylalkyl; in the alkyl, the number of carbon atoms is from 1 to 40,arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— maybe replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, cycloalkylene or cycloalkenylene; in thearyl, arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced by halogen or alkyl having acarbon number of from 1 to 20; the arylalkyl is constituted by aryl,arbitrary hydrogen of which may be replaced by halogen or alkyl having acarbon number of from 1 to 20, and alkylene, arbitrary hydrogen of whichmay be replaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— of which may bereplaced by —O—, —CH═CH— or cycloalkylene; in the alkyl having a carbonnumber of from 1 to 20 as a substituent of the aryl, arbitrary hydrogenmay be replaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O—,—CH═CH—, cycloalkylene or phenylene; R¹ each represents chlorine, agroup defined as similar to R⁰, or a group having —CN; X independentlyrepresents hydrogen, chlorine, a group defined as similar to R¹, or agroup having one of —CH═CH—, —C═C—, —OH, —COOH, —COO—,2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene, oxetanyl, oxetanylene,3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH— and —NH₂; and at least two of Xeach is hydrogen, chlorine, or a group having one of —CH═CH—, —C≡C—,—OH, —COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene,oxetanyl, oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH— and —NH₂.

[2] The polymer as described in the item [1], which is obtained by usinga silsesquioxane derivative represented by formula (1-0) and a compoundhaving at least two groups capable of reacting with a reactive group inthe silsesquioxane derivative:

wherein R⁰ each independently represents hydrogen, alkyl, aryl orarylalkyl; in the alkyl, the number of carbon atoms is from 1 to 40,arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— maybe replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, cycloalkylene or cycloalkenylene; in thearyl, arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced by halogen or alkyl having acarbon number of from 1 to 20; the arylalkyl is constituted by aryl,arbitrary hydrogen of which may be replaced by halogen or alkyl having acarbon number of from 1 to 20, and alkylene, arbitrary hydrogen of whichmay be replaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— of which may bereplaced by —O—, —CH═CH— or cycloalkylene; in the alkyl having a carbonnumber of from 1 to 20 as a substituent of the aryl, arbitrary hydrogenmay be replaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O—,—CH═CH—, cycloalkylene or phenylene; R¹ each represents chlorine, agroup defined as similar to R⁰, or a group having —CN; X independentlyrepresents hydrogen, chlorine, a group defined as similar to R¹, or agroup having one of —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —OH, —COOH, —COO—,2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene, oxetanyl, oxetanylene,3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH— and —NH₂; and at least two of Xeach is hydrogen, chlorine, or a group having one of —CH═CH—, —C≡C—,—OH, —COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene,oxetanyl, oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH— and —NH₂.

[3] The polymer as described in the item [2], wherein R⁰ eachindependently represents alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8,naphthyl, phenyl or phenylalkyl; in the alkyl having a carbon number offrom 1 to 8, arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine, andarbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O— or cycloalkylene; in the phenyl,arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced by halogen, methyl or methoxy; thephenylalkyl is constituted by phenyl, arbitrary hydrogen of which may bereplaced by halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 4, ormethoxy, and alkylene having a carbon number of from 1 to 8, arbitrary—CH₂— of which may be replaced by —O— or cycloalkylene; and in the casewhere the phenyl has plural substituents, the substituents may be thesame groups or different groups.

[4] The polymer as described in the item [2], wherein all R⁰ eachrepresents the same group selected from alkyl having a carbon number offrom 1 to 8, naphthyl, phenyl and phenylalkyl; in the alkyl having acarbon number of from 1 to 8, arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced byfluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O— or cycloalkylene;in the phenyl, arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced by halogen, methyl ormethoxy; the phenylalkyl is constituted by phenyl, arbitrary hydrogen ofwhich may be replaced by halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of from 1to 4, or methoxy, and alkylene having a carbon number of from 1 to 8,arbitrary —CH₂— of which may be replaced by —O— or cycloalkylene; and inthe case where the phenyl has plural substituents, the substituents maybe the same groups or different groups.

[5] The polymer as described in the item [2], wherein all R⁰ eachrepresents the same group selected from unsubstituted phenyl,cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; and R¹ each represents alkyl having a carbonnumber of from 1 to 8, unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.

[6] The polymer as described in the item [2], which is obtained by usinga silsesquioxane derivative represented by formula (1-1) and a compoundhaving at least two Si—H groups:

wherein R each independently represents alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl; in thealkyl, the carbon number is from 1 to 40, an arbitrary hydrogen may bereplaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O—,—CH═CH—, cycloalkylene or cycloalkenylene; in the aryl, arbitraryhydrogen may be replaced by halogen or alkyl having a carbon number offrom 1 to 20; the arylalkyl is constituted by aryl, arbitrary hydrogenof which may be replaced by halogen or alkyl having a carbon number offrom 1 to 20, and alkylene, arbitrary hydrogen of which may be replacedby fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— of which may be replaced by —O—,—CH═CH— or cycloalkylene; in the alkyl having a carbon number of from 1to 20 as a substituent of the aryl, arbitrary hydrogen may be replacedby fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—,cycloalkylene or phenylene; R¹ each represents chlorine, a group definedas similar to R⁰, or a group having —CN; and at least two of X¹¹ eachrepresents alkenyl, and the balance of X¹¹ each independently representsa group defined as similar to R¹ or a group having one of —OH, —COOH,—COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene, oxetanyl,oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH— and —NH₂.

[7] The polymer as described in the item [6], which is obtained by usinga silsesquioxane derivative represented by formula (1-1) and at leastone compound selected from a silsesquioxane derivative represented byformula (1-2), a compound represented by formula (2-1), a compoundrepresented by formula (3-1), a compound represented by formula (4-1), acompound represented by formula (5-1) and a compound represented byformula (6-1):

wherein R each independently represents alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl; in thealkyl, the carbon number is from 1 to 40, an arbitrary hydrogen may bereplaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O—,—CH═CH—, cycloalkylene or cycloalkenylene; in the aryl, arbitraryhydrogen may be replaced by halogen or alkyl having a carbon number offrom 1 to 20; the arylalkyl is constituted by aryl, arbitrary hydrogenof which may be replaced by halogen or alkyl having a carbon number offrom 1 to 20, and alkylene, arbitrary hydrogen of which may be replacedby fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— of which may be replaced by —O—,—CH═CH— or cycloalkylene; in the alkyl having a carbon number of from 1to 20 as a substituent of the aryl, arbitrary hydrogen may be replacedby fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—,cycloalkylene or phenylene; R¹ each represents chlorine, a group definedas similar to R⁰, or a group having —CN; and at least two of X¹¹ eachrepresents alkenyl, and the balance of X¹¹ each independently representsa group defined as similar to R¹ or a group having one of —OH, —COOH,—COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene, oxetanyl,oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH— and —NH₂:

wherein R and R¹ are defined as similar to R and R¹ in formula (1-1),respectively; and at least two of X¹² each represents hydrogen, and thebalance of X¹² each independently represents a group defined as similarto R¹ or a group having one of —OH, —COOH, —COO—,2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene, oxetanyl, oxetanylene,3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH— and —NH₂:

wherein R¹ represents a group defined as similar to R¹ in formula (1-1);and at least two of X²¹ each represents hydrogen, and the balance of X²¹each independently represents a group defined as similar to R¹ or agroup having one of —OH, —COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl,oxiranylene, oxetanyl, oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO,—NH—, —NH₂, —CN and —O—:

wherein R¹ each represents a group defined as similar to R¹ in formula(1-1); and L represents a single bond, —O—, —CH₂—, —(CH₂)₂—, —(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₄—, 1,4-phenylene, 4,4′-diphenylene, 4,4′-oxy-1,1′-diphenylene ora group represented by formula

wherein R² each represents a group defined as similar to R¹; and mrepresents an integer of from 1 to 30:

wherein R² each represents a group defined as similar to R¹ in formula(2-1); at least two of X²¹ each represents hydrogen, and the balance ofX²¹ each represents a group defined as similar to R in formula (1-1); erepresents 0 or 1; and n represents an integer of from 3 to 30:

wherein R and R¹ each represents groups defined as similar to R and R¹in formula (1-1), respectively; and at least two of X³¹ each representshydrogen, and the balance of X³¹ each represents R¹:

wherein R each represents a group defined as similar to R in formula(1-1); and Y¹ each represents a group represented by formula (a-1) orformula (b-1):

in each of formula (a-1) and formula (b-1), at least one of X³¹represents hydrogen, and the balance of X³¹ each independentlyrepresents chlorine, a group defined as similar to R, or a group havingone of —OH, —COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene,oxetanyl, oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH—, —NH₂, —CNand —O—; and in formula (b-1), Z represents a single bond, —O— or —CH₂—.

[8] The polymer as described in the item [7], wherein in formula (1-1),at least two of X¹¹ each represents alkenyl, and the balance thereofeach represents R¹; in formula (1-2), at least two of X¹² eachrepresents hydrogen, and the balance thereof each represents R¹; informula (2-1), at least two of X²¹ each represents hydrogen, and thebalance thereof each represents R¹; and in each of formula (a-1) andformula (b-1), at least one of X³¹ represents hydrogen, and the balancethereof each independently represents chlorine or a group defined assimilar to R in formula (6-1).

[9] The polymer as described in the item [7], wherein in formula (1-1),R each independently represents alkyl having a carbon number of from 1to 8, naphthyl, phenyl or phenylalkyl; in the alkyl having a carbonnumber of from 1 to 8, arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine,and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O— or cycloalkylene; in thephenyl, arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced by halogen, methyl ormethoxy; the phenylalkyl is constituted by phenyl, arbitrary hydrogen ofwhich may be replaced by halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of from 1to 4 or methoxy, and alkylene having a carbon number of from 1 to 8,arbitrary —CH₂— of which may be replaced by —O— or cycloalkylene; in thecase where the phenyl has plural substituents, the substituents may bethe same groups or different groups; at least two of X¹¹ each representsalkenyl, and the balance of X¹¹ each represents R¹; in formula (1-2), atleast two X¹² each represents hydrogen, and the balance thereof eachrepresents R¹; in formula (2-1), at least two of X²¹ each representshydrogen, and the balance thereof each represents R¹; in each of formula(a-1) and formula (b-1), at least one of X³¹ represents hydrogen, andthe balance thereof each represents chlorine or a group defined assimilar to R in formula (6-1); and in formula (b-1), Z represents —O—.

[10] The polymer as described in the item [7], wherein in formula (1-1),all R each represents the same group selected from alkyl having a carbonnumber of from 1 to 8, naphthyl, phenyl and phenylalkyl; in the alkylhaving a carbon number of from 1 to 8, arbitrary hydrogen may bereplaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O— orcycloalkylene; in the phenyl, arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced byhalogen, methyl or methoxy; the phenylalkyl is constituted by phenyl,arbitrary hydrogen of which may be replaced by halogen, alkyl having acarbon number of from 1 to 4 or methoxy, and alkylene having a carbonnumber of from 1 to 8, arbitrary —CH₂— of which may be replaced by —O—or cycloalkylene; in the case where the phenyl has plural substituents,the substituents may be the same groups or different groups; at leasttwo of X¹¹ each represents alkenyl, and the balance of X¹¹ eachrepresents R¹; in formula (1-2), at least two X¹² each representshydrogen, and the balance thereof each represents R¹; in formula (2-1),at least two of X²¹ each represents hydrogen, and the balance thereofeach represents R¹; in each of formula (a-1) and formula (b-1), at leastone of X³¹ represents hydrogen, and the balance thereof each representschlorine or a group defined as similar to R in formula (6-1); and informula (b-1), Z represents —O—.

[11] The polymer as described in the item [7], wherein in formula (1-1),all R each represents the same group selected from unsubstituted phenyl,cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl, and X¹¹ each represents alkenyl; in each offormula (1-1), formula (1-2), formula (2-1), formula (3-1) and formula(5-1), R¹ each represents alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8,unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl; in formula (1-2), X¹²represents hydrogen; in formula (2-1), two of X²¹ each representshydrogen, and the balance thereof each represents R¹; in formula (4-1),two of X²¹ each represents hydrogen, and the balance thereof eachrepresents a group defined as similar to R in formula (1-1); in each offormula (a-1) and formula (b-1), one of X³¹ represents hydrogen, and thebalance thereof each represents alkyl having a carbon number of from 1to 8, unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl; and in formula(b-1), Z represents —O—.

[12] The polymer as described in the item [7], wherein in formula (1-1),all R each represents the same group selected from unsubstituted phenyl,cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl, and X¹¹ each represents vinyl, allyl orstyryl; in each of formula (1-1), formula (1-2), formula (2-1), formula(3-1) and formula (5-1), R¹ each represents alkyl having a carbon numberof from 1 to 8, unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl; informula (1-2), X¹² represents hydrogen; in formula (2-1), two of X²¹each represents hydrogen, and the balance thereof each represents R¹; informula (4-1), two of X²¹ each represents hydrogen, and the balancethereof each represents a group defined as similar to R in formula(1-1); in each of formula (a-1) and formula (b-1), one of X³¹ representshydrogen, and the balance thereof each represents alkyl having a carbonnumber of from 1 to 8, unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl;and in formula (b-1), Z represents —O—.

[13] The polymer as described in the item [7], wherein in formula (1-1),all R each represents unsubstituted phenyl, and X¹¹ each representsvinyl, allyl or styryl; in each of formula (1-1), formula (1-2), formula(2-1), formula (3-1) and formula (5-1), R¹ each represents alkyl havinga carbon number of from 1 to 4 or unsubstituted phenyl; in formula(1-2), X¹² represents hydrogen; in formula (2-1), two of X²¹ eachrepresents hydrogen, and the balance thereof each represents R¹; informula (4-1), two of X²¹ each represents hydrogen, and the balancethereof each represents unsubstituted phenyl; in each of formula (a-1)and formula (b-1), one of X³¹ represents hydrogen, and the balancethereof each represents alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 4 orunsubstituted phenyl; and in formula (b-1), Z represents —O—.

[14] The polymer as described in the item [2], which is obtained byusing a silsesquioxane derivative represented by (1-2) and a compoundhaving at least two alkenyls or a compound having a carbon-carbon triplebond:

wherein R each independently represents alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl; in thealkyl, the carbon number is from 1 to 40, an arbitrary hydrogen may bereplaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O—,—CH═CH—, cycloalkylene or cycloalkenylene; in the aryl, arbitraryhydrogen may be replaced by halogen or alkyl having a carbon number offrom 1 to 20; the arylalkyl is constituted by aryl, arbitrary hydrogenof which may be replaced by halogen or alkyl having a carbon number offrom 1 to 20, and alkylene, arbitrary hydrogen of which may be replacedby fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— of which may be replaced by —O—,—CH═CH— or cycloalkylene; in the alkyl having a carbon number of from 1to 20 as a substituent of the aryl, arbitrary hydrogen may be replacedby fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—,cycloalkylene or phenylene; R¹ each represents chlorine, a group definedas similar to R⁰, or a group having —CN; and at least two of X¹² eachrepresents hydrogen, and the balance of X¹² each independentlyrepresents a group defined as similar to R¹ or a group having one of—OH, —COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene,oxetanyl, oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH— and —NH₂.

[15] The polymer as described in the item [14], which is obtained byusing a silsesquioxane derivative represented by formula (1-2) and atleast one compound selected from a compound represented by formula(2-2), a compound represented by formula (3-2), a compound representedby formula (4-2), a compound represented by formula (5-2), a compoundrepresented by formula (6-2), a compound represented by formula (d-1), acompound represented by formula (d-2), a compound represented by formula(d-3) and a compound represented by formula (d-4):

wherein R each independently represents alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl; in thealkyl, the carbon number is from 1 to 40, an arbitrary hydrogen may bereplaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O—,—CH═CH—, cycloalkylene or cycloalkenylene; in the aryl, arbitraryhydrogen may be replaced by halogen or alkyl having a carbon number offrom 1 to 20; the arylalkyl is constituted by aryl, arbitrary hydrogenof which may be replaced by halogen or alkyl having a carbon number offrom 1 to 20, and alkylene, arbitrary hydrogen of which may be replacedby fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— of which may be replaced by —O—,—CH═CH— or cycloalkylene; in the alkyl having a carbon number of from 1to 20 as a substituent of the aryl, arbitrary hydrogen may be replacedby fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—,cycloalkylene or phenylene; R¹ each represents chlorine, a group definedas similar to R⁰, or a group having —CN; and at least two of X¹² eachrepresents hydrogen, and the balance of X¹² each independentlyrepresents a group defined as similar to R¹ or a group having one of—OH, —COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene,oxetanyl, oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH— and —NH₂:

wherein R¹ represents a group defined as similar to R¹ in formula (1-2);and at least two of X²² each represents alkenyl or a group having acarbon-carbon triple bond, and the balance of X²² each independentlyrepresents a group defined as similar to R¹ or a group having one of—OH, —COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene,oxetanyl, oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH—, —NH₂, —CNand —O—:

wherein R¹ each represents a group defined as similar to R¹ in formula(1-2); X²² each represents alkenyl or a group having a carbon-carbontriple bond; L represents a single bond, —O—, —CH₂—, —(CH₂)₂—, —(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₄—, 1,4-phenylene, 4,4′-diphenylene, 4,4′-oxy-1,1′-diphenylene ora group represented by formula (c); in formula (c), R² each represents agroup defined as similar to R¹; and m represents an integer of from 1 to30:

wherein R² each represents a group defined as similar to R¹ in formula(1-2); at least two of X²² each represents alkenyl or a group having acarbon-carbon triple bond, and the balance of X²² each represents agroup defined as similar to R in formula (1-2); e represents 0 or 1; andn represents an integer of from 3 to 30:

wherein R and R¹ each represents groups defined as similar to R and R¹in formula (1-2), respectively; and at least two of X³² each representsalkenyl or a group having a carbon-carbon triple bond, and the balanceof X³ each represents R¹:

wherein R each represents a group defined as similar to R in formula(1-2); and Y² each represents a group represented by formula (a-2) orformula (b-2):

in each of formula (a-2) and formula (b-2), at least one of X³²represents alkenyl, and the balance of X³² each independently representschlorine, a group defined as similar to R, or a group having one of —OH,—COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene, oxetanyl,oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH—, —NH₂, —CN and —O—;and in formula (b-2), Z represents a single bond, —O— or —CH₂—:H₂C═CH—R³—CH═CH₂  (d-1)HC≡C—R³—C≡CH  (d-2)R⁴—C≡C—R⁴  (d-3)R⁴—C≡C—C≡C—R⁴  (d-4)in each of formula (d-1) to formula (d-4), R³ each represents alkylenehaving a carbon number of from 1 to 40 or phenylene; R⁴ each representsalkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8 or phenyl; in each of thealkylene having a carbon number of from 1 to 40 and the alkyl having acarbon number of from 1 to 8, arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O— or—COO—; and in the phenyl, arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced by halogenor alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 4.

[16] The polymer as described in the item [15], wherein in formula(1-2), at least two of X¹² each represents hydrogen, and the balancethereof each represents R¹; in formula (2-2), at least two of X²² eachrepresents alkenyl or a group having a carbon-carbon triple bond, andthe balance thereof each represents R¹; in each of formula (a-2) andformula (b-2), at least one of X³² represents alkenyl, and the balancethereof each independently represents chlorine or a group defined assimilar to R in formula (6-2); and in formula (b-2), Z represents —O—.

[17] The polymer as described in the item [15], wherein in formula(1-2), R each independently represents alkyl having a carbon number offrom 1 to 8, naphthyl, phenyl or phenylalkyl; in the alkyl having acarbon number of from 1 to 8, arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced byfluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O— or cycloalkylene;in the phenyl, arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced by halogen, methyl ormethoxy; the phenylalkyl is constituted by phenyl, arbitrary hydrogen ofwhich may be replaced by halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of from 1to 4 or methoxy, and alkylene having a carbon number of from 1 to 8,arbitrary —CH₂— of which may be replaced by —O— or cycloalkylene; in thecase where the phenyl has plural substituents, the substituents may bethe same groups or different groups; at least two of X¹² each representshydrogen, and the balance thereof each represents R¹; in formula (2-2),at least two of X²² each represents alkenyl or a group having acarbon-carbon triple bond, and the balance thereof each represents R¹;in each of formula (a-2) and formula (b-2), at least one of X³²represents alkenyl, and the balance thereof each represents chlorine ora group defined as similar to R in formula (6-2); and in formula (b-2),Z represents —O—.

[18] The polymer as described in the item [15], wherein in formula(1-2), all R each represents the same group selected from alkyl having acarbon number of from 1 to 8, naphthyl, phenyl and phenylalkyl; in thealkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8, arbitrary hydrogen may bereplaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O— orcycloalkylene; in the phenyl, arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced byhalogen, methyl or methoxy; the phenylalkyl is constituted by phenyl,arbitrary hydrogen of which may be replaced by halogen, alkyl having acarbon number of from 1 to 4 or methoxy, and alkylene having a carbonnumber of from 1 to 8, arbitrary —CH₂— of which may be replaced by —O—or cycloalkylene; in the case where the phenyl has plural substituents,the substituents may be the same groups or different groups; at leasttwo of X¹² each represents hydrogen, and the balance of X¹² eachrepresents R¹; in formula (2-2), at least two of X²² each representsalkenyl or a group having a carbon-carbon triple bond, and the balancethereof each represents R¹; in each of formula (a-2) and formula (b-2),at least one of X³² represents alkenyl, and the balance thereof eachrepresents a group defined as similar to R in formula (6-2); and informula (b-2), Z represents —O—.

[19] The polymer as described in the item [15], wherein in formula(1-2), all R each represents the same group selected from unsubstitutedphenyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl, and X¹² each represents hydrogen; ineach of formula (1-2), formula (2-2), formula (3-2) and formula (5-2),R¹ each represents alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8,unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl; in formula (2-2), twoof X²² each represents alkenyl, and the balance thereof each representsR¹; in formula (4-2), two of X²² each represents alkenyl, and thebalance thereof each represents a group defined as similar to R informula (1-2); in each of formula (a-2) and formula (b-2), one of X³²represents alkenyl, and the balance thereof each represents alkyl havinga carbon number of from 1 to 8, unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl orcyclohexyl; and in formula (b-2), Z represents —O—.

[20] The polymer as described in the item [15], wherein in formula(1-2), all R each represents the same group selected from unsubstitutedphenyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl, and X¹² each represents hydrogen; ineach of formula (1-2), formula (2-2), formula (3-2) and formula (5-2),R¹ each represents alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8,unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl; in formula (2-2), twoof X²² each represents vinyl, allyl or styryl, and the balance thereofeach represents R¹; in formula (4-2), two of X²² each represents vinyl,allyl or styryl, and the balance thereof each represents a group definedas similar to R in formula (1-2); in each of formula (a-2) and formula(b-2), one of X³² represents vinyl, allyl or styryl, and the balancethereof each represents alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8,unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl; and in formula (b-2), Zrepresents —O—.

[21] The polymer as described in the item [15], wherein in formula(1-2), all R each represents unsubstituted phenyl, and X¹² eachrepresents hydrogen; in each of formula (1-2), formula (2-2), formula(3-2) and formula (5-2), R¹ each represents alkyl having a carbon numberof from 1 to 8, unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl; informula (2-2), two of X²² each represents vinyl, allyl or styryl, andthe balance thereof each represents R¹; in formula (4-2), two of X²²each represents vinyl, allyl or styryl, and the balance thereof eachrepresents unsubstituted phenyl; in each of formula (a-2) and formula(b-2), one of X³² represents vinyl, allyl or styryl, and the balancethereof each represents alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 4 orunsubstituted phenyl; and in formula (b-2), Z represents —O—.

[22] A process for producing the polymer as described in the item [7],characterized by reacting a silsesquioxane derivative represented byformula (1-1) with at least one compound selected from a silsesquioxanederivative represented by formula (1-2), a compound represented byformula (2-1), a compound represented by formula (3-1), a compoundrepresented by formula (4-1), a compound represented by formula (5-1)and a compound represented by formula (6-1) in the presence of ahydrosilylation catalyst:

wherein R each independently represents alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl; in thealkyl, the carbon number is from 1 to 40, an arbitrary hydrogen may bereplaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O—,—CH═CH—, cycloalkylene or cycloalkenylene; in the aryl, arbitraryhydrogen may be replaced by halogen or alkyl having a carbon number offrom 1 to 20; the arylalkyl is constituted by aryl, arbitrary hydrogenof which may be replaced by halogen or alkyl having a carbon number offrom 1 to 20, and alkylene, arbitrary hydrogen of which may be replacedby fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— of which may be replaced by —O—,—CH═CH— or cycloalkylene; in the alkyl having a carbon number of from 1to 20 as a substituent of the aryl, arbitrary hydrogen may be replacedby fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—,cycloalkylene or phenylene; R¹ each represents chlorine, a group definedas similar to R⁰, or a group having —CN; and at least two of X¹¹ eachrepresents alkenyl, and the balance of X¹¹ each independently representsa group defined as similar to R¹ or a group having one of —OH, —COOH,—COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene, oxetanyl,oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH— and —NH₂:

wherein R and R¹ are defined as similar to R and R¹ in formula (1-1),respectively; and at least two of X¹² each represents hydrogen, and thebalance of X¹² each independently represents a group defined as similarto R¹ or a group having one of —OH, —COOH, —COO—,2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene, oxetanyl, oxetanylene,3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH— and —NH₂:

wherein R¹ represents a group defined as similar to R¹ in formula (1-1);and at least two of X²¹ each represents hydrogen, and the balance of X²¹each independently represents a group defined as similar to R¹ or agroup having one of —OH, —COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl,oxiranylene, oxetanyl, oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO,—NH—, —NH₂, —CN and —O—:

wherein R¹ each represents a group defined as similar to R¹ in formula(1-1); and L represents a single bond, —O—, —CH₂—, —(CH₂)₂—, —(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₄—, 1,4-phenylene, 4,4′-diphenylene, 4,4′-oxy-1,1′-diphenylene ora group represented by formula (c):

wherein R² each represents a group defined as similar to R¹; and mrepresents an integer of from 1 to 30:

wherein R² each represents a group defined as similar to R¹ in formula(2-1); at least two of X²¹ each represents hydrogen, and the balance ofX²¹ each represents a group defined as similar to R in formula (1-1); erepresents 0 or 1; and n represents an integer of from 3 to 30:

wherein R and R¹ each represents groups defined as similar to R and R¹in formula (1-1), respectively; and at least two of X³¹ each representshydrogen, and the balance of X³¹ each represents R¹:

wherein R each represents a group defined as similar to R in formula(1-1); and Y¹ each represents a group represented by formula (a-1) orformula (b-1):

in each of formula (a-1) and formula (b-1), at least one of X³¹represents hydrogen, and the balance of X³¹ each independentlyrepresents chlorine, a group defined as similar to R, or a group havingone of —OH, —COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene,oxetanyl, oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH—, —NH₂, —CNand —O—; and in formula (b-1), Z represents a single bond, —O— or —CH₂—.

[23] A process for producing the polymer as described in the item [15],characterized by reacting a silsesquioxane derivative represented byformula (1-2) with at least one compound selected from a compoundrepresented by formula (2-2), a compound represented by formula (3-2), acompound represented by formula (4-2), a compound represented by formula(5-2), a compound represented by formula (6-2), a compound representedby formula (d-1), a compound represented by formula (d-2), a compoundrepresented by formula (d-3) and a compound represented by formula (d-4)in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst:

wherein R each independently represents alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl; in thealkyl, the carbon number is from 1 to 40, an arbitrary hydrogen may bereplaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O—,—CH═CH—, cycloalkylene or cycloalkenylene; in the aryl, arbitraryhydrogen may be replaced by halogen or alkyl having a carbon number offrom 1 to 20; the arylalkyl is constituted by aryl, arbitrary hydrogenof which may be replaced by halogen or alkyl having a carbon number offrom 1 to 20, and alkylene, arbitrary hydrogen of which may be replacedby fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— of which may be replaced by —O—,—CH═CH— or cycloalkylene; in the alkyl having a carbon number of from 1to 20 as a substituent of the aryl, arbitrary hydrogen may be replacedby fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—,cycloalkylene or phenylene; R¹ each represents chlorine, a group definedas similar to R⁰, or a group having —CN; and at least two of X¹² eachrepresents hydrogen, and the balance of X¹² each independentlyrepresents a group defined as similar to R¹ or a group having one of—OH, —COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene,oxetanyl, oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH— and —NH₂:

wherein R¹ represents a group defined as similar to R¹ in formula (1-2);and at least two of X²² each represents alkenyl or a group having acarbon-carbon triple bond, and the balance of X²² each independentlyrepresents a group defined as similar to R¹ or a group having one of—OH, —COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene,oxetanyl, oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH—, —NH₂, —CNand —O—:

wherein R¹ each represents a group defined as similar to R¹ in formula(1-2); X²² each represents alkenyl or a group having a carbon-carbontriple bond; L represents a single bond, —O—, —CH₂—, —(CH₂)₂—, —(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₄—, 1,4-phenylene, 4,4′-diphenylene, 4,4′-oxy-1,1′-diphenylene ora group represented by formula (c); in formula (c), R² each represents agroup defined as similar to R¹; and m represents an integer of from 1 to30:

wherein R² each represents a group defined as similar to R¹ in formula(1-2); at least two of X²² each represents alkenyl or a group having acarbon-carbon triple bond, and the balance of X²² each represents agroup defined as similar to R in formula (1-2); e represents 0 or 1; andn represents an integer of from 3 to 30:

wherein R and R¹ each represents a group defined as similar to R and R¹in formula (1-2), respectively; and at least two of X³² each representsalkenyl or a group having a carbon-carbon triple bond, and the balanceof X³² each represents R¹:

wherein R each represents a group defined as similar to R in formula(1-2); and Y² each represents a group represented by formula (a-2) orformula (b-2):

in each of formula (a-2) and formula (b-2), at least one of X³²represents alkenyl, and the balance of X³² each independently representschlorine, a group defined as similar to R, or a group having one of —OH,—COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene, oxetanyl,oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH—, —NH₂, —CN and —O—;and in formula (b-2), Z represents a single bond, —O— or —CH₂—:H₂C═CH—R³—CH═CH₂  (d-1)HC C—R³—C—CH  (d-2)R⁴—C≡C—R⁴  (d-3)R⁴—C≡C—C C—C—R⁴  (d-4)in each of formula (d-1) to formula (d-4), R³ each represents alkylenehaving a carbon number of from 1 to 40 or phenylene; R⁴ each representsalkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8 or phenyl; in each of thealkylene having a carbon number of from 1 to 40 and the alkyl having acarbon number of from 1 to 8, arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O— or—COO—; and in the phenyl, arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced by halogenor alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 4.

[24] A coating film obtained by using the polymer as described in theitem [7].

[25] A coating film obtained by using the polymer as described in theitem [15].

[26] A film for preventing elution of metallic ions obtained by usingthe polymer as described in the item [7].

[27] A film for preventing elution of metallic ions obtained by usingthe polymer as described in the item [15].

[28] The polymer as described in the item [2], which is obtained byusing a silsesquioxane derivative represented by formula (1-3) and acompound having at least two groups capable of reacting with X¹³ informula (1-3):

wherein R⁰ each independently represents hydrogen, alkyl, aryl orarylalkyl; in the alkyl, the carbon number is from 1 to 40, an arbitraryhydrogen may be replaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may bereplaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, cycloalkylene or cycloalkenylene; in the aryl,arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced by halogen or alkyl having a carbonnumber of from 1 to 20; the arylalkyl is constituted by aryl, arbitraryhydrogen of which may be replaced by halogen or alkyl having a carbonnumber of from 1 to 20, and alkylene, arbitrary hydrogen of which may bereplaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— of which may be replaced by—O—, —CH═CH— or cycloalkylene; in the alkyl having a carbon number offrom 1 to 20 as a substituent of the aryl, arbitrary hydrogen may bereplaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O—,—CH═CH—, cycloalkylene or phenylene; R¹ each represents chlorine, agroup defined as similar to R⁰, or a group having —CN; and at least twoof X¹³ each represents chlorine or a group having one of —OH, —COOH,—COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene, oxetanyl,oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH— and —NH₂, and thebalance of X¹³ each independently represents a group defined as similarto R¹.

[29] The polymer as described in the item [28], wherein R⁰ eachindependently represents alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8,naphthyl, phenyl or phenylalkyl; in the alkyl having a carbon number offrom 1 to 8, arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine, andarbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O— or cycloalkylene; in the phenyl,arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced by halogen, methyl or methoxy; thephenylalkyl is constituted by phenyl, arbitrary hydrogen of which may bereplaced by halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 4, ormethoxy, and alkylene having a carbon number of from 1 to 8, arbitrary—CH₂— of which may be replaced by —O— or cycloalkylene; and in the casewhere the phenyl has plural substituents, the substituents may be thesame groups or different groups.

[30] The polymer as described in the item [28], wherein all R⁰ eachrepresents the same group selected from alkyl having a carbon number offrom 1 to 8, naphthyl, phenyl or phenylalkyl; in the alkyl having acarbon number of from 1 to 8, arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced byfluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O— or cycloalkylene;in the phenyl, arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced by halogen, methyl ormethoxy; the phenylalkyl is constituted by phenyl, arbitrary hydrogen ofwhich may be replaced by halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of from 1to 4, or methoxy, and alkylene having a carbon number of from 1 to 8,arbitrary —CH₂— of which may be replaced by —O— or cycloalkylene; in thecase where the phenyl has plural substituents, the substituents may bethe same groups or different groups; R¹ each represents a group definedas similar to R⁰; and X¹³ represents chlorine or a group having one of—OH, —COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene,oxetanyl, oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH— and —NH₂.

[31] The polymer as described in the item [28], wherein all R⁰ eachrepresents the same group selected from unsubstituted phenyl,cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; R¹ each represents alkyl having a carbonnumber of from 1 to 8, unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl;and X¹³ represents chlorine or a group having one of —OH, —COOH, —COO—,2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene, oxetanyl, oxetanylene,3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH— and —NH₂.

In the following description, the term “silsesquioxane” is sometimesreferred to as “PSQ”. Therefore, the term “silsesquioxane derivative” isreferred to as “PSQ derivative”. The PSQ derivative represented byformula (1-0) is sometimes referred to as a compound (1-0). The compoundrepresented by formula (2-1) is sometimes referred to as a compound(2-1). PSQ derivatives and compounds represented by the other formulaeare also sometimes simply referred in the same manner. The inventionwill be described in more detail below.

The invention includes a polymer obtained by using the compound (1-0).

In formula (1-0), R⁰ each independently represents hydrogen, alkyl, arylor arylalkyl. All R⁰ each preferably represents the same one group, andmay be constituted by two or more different groups. Examples of the casewhere eight R⁰ are constituted by different groups include the casewhere they are constituted by two or more alkyls, the case where theyare constituted by two or more aryls, the case where they areconstituted by two or more arylalkyl, the case where they areconstituted by hydrogen and at least one aryl, the case where they areconstituted by at least one alkyl and at least one aryl, the case wherethey are constituted by at least one alkyl and at least one arylalkyl,and the case where they are constituted by at least one aryl and atleast one arylalkyl. Other combinations than these may be used.

In the case where R⁰ represents alkyl, the number of carbon atomsthereof is from 1 to 40. The carbon number is preferably from 1 to 20.The carbon number is more preferably from 1 to 8. In the alkyl,arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— maybe replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, cycloalkylene or cycloalkenylene. Preferredexamples of the alkyl include unsubstituted alkyl having a carbon numberof from 1 to 20, alkoxyalkyl having a carbon number of from 2 to 20, agroup of alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8 where one —CH₂— isreplaced by cycloalkylene, alkenyl having a carbon number of from 2 to20, alkenyloxyalkyl having a carbon number of from 2 to 20,alkyloxyalkenyl having a carbon number of from 2 to 20, a group of alkylhaving a carbon number of from 1 to 8 where one —CH₂— is replaced bycycloalkenylene, and groups enumerated herein where arbitrary hydrogenis replaced by fluorine. The cycloalkylene and the cycloalkenylene eachpreferably have a carbon number of from 3 to 8.

Examples of the unsubstituted alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to20 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl, butyl, 2-methylpropyl,1,1-dimethylethyl, pentyl, hexyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, heptyl, octyl,2,4,4-trimethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl,hexadecyl, octadecyl and eicosyl.

Examples of the fluorinated alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 20include 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluorohexyl,tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl,heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl, perfluoro-1H,1H,2H,2H-dodecyland perfluoro-1H,1H,2H,2H-tetradecyl.

Examples of the alkoxyalkyl having a carbon number of from 2 to 20include 3-methoxypropyl, methoxyundecyl and3-heptafluoroisopropoxypropyl.

Examples of the group of alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8where one —CH₂— is replaced by cycloalkylene include cyclohexylmethyl,adamantaneethyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 2-bicycloheptyl andcyclooctyl. The cyclohexyl is an example where —CH₂— of methyl isreplaced by cyclohexylene. The cyclohexylmethyl is an example where—CH₂— of ethyl is replaced by cyclohexylene.

Examples of the alkenyl having a carbon number of from 2 to 20 includevinyl, 2-propenyl, 3-butenyl, 5-hexenyl, 7-octenyl and 10-undecenyl.Examples of the alkenyloxyalkyl having a carbon number of from 2 to 20include allyloxyundecyl. Examples of the group of alkyl having a carbonnumber of from 1 to 8 where one —CH₂— is replaced by cycloalkenyleneinclude 2-(3-cyclohexenyl)ethyl, 5-(bicycloheptenyl)ethyl,2-cyclopentenyl, 3-cyclohexenyl, 5-norbornen-2-yl and 4-cyclooctenyl.

In the case where R⁰ in formula (1-0) represents aryl, arbitraryhydrogen thereof may be replaced by halogen or alkyl having a carbonnumber of from 1 to 20. In the alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to20, arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂—may be replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, cycloalkylene or phenylene. Preferredexamples of the aryl include phenyl, arbitrary hydrogen of which may bereplaced by halogen or alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8, andunsubstituted naphthyl. Preferred examples of the halogen includefluorine, chlorine and bromine. In the alkyl having a carbon number offrom 1 to 8 as a substituent of the phenyl, arbitrary hydrogen may bereplaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O—,—CH═CH—, or phenylene. Preferred examples of the case where R⁰represents aryl include unsubstituted phenyl, unsubstituted naphthyl,alkylphenyl, alkyloxyphenyl, alkenylphenyl, phenyl having a substituentcontaining phenyl, and groups enumerated herein where arbitrary hydrogenis replaced by halogen.

Examples of the halogenated phenyl include pentafluorophenyl,4-chlorophenyl and 4-bromophenyl. Examples of the alkylphenyl include4-methylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-propylphenyl, 4-butylphenyl,4-pentylphenyl, 4-heptylphenyl, 4-octylphenyl, 4-nonylphenyl,4-decylphenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl,2,4,6-triethylphenyl, 4-(1-methylethyl)phenyl,4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl, 4-(2-ethylhexyl)phenyl and2,4,6-tris(1-methylethyl)phenyl. Examples of the alkyloxyphenyl include4-methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl, 4-butoxyphenyl,4-pentyloxyphenyl, 4-heptyloxyphenyl, 4-decyloxyphenyl,4-octadecyloxyphenyl, 4-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl,4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl and 4-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)phenyl. Examples ofthe alkenylphenyl include 4-vinylphenyl, 4-(1-methylvinyl)phenyl and4-(3-butenyl)phenyl.

Examples of the phenyl having a substituent containing phenyl include4-(2-phenylvinyl)phenyl, 4-phenyloxyphenyl, 3-phenylmethylphenyl,biphenyl and terphenyl. The 4-(2-phenylvinyl)phenyl is an example wherein an ethyl group of ethylphenyl, one —CH₂— is replaced by phenylene,and another one —CH₂— is replaced by —CH═CH—.

Examples of the phenyl, a part of hydrogen of which is replaced byhalogen, and other hydrogen is replaced by alkyl, alkyloxy or alkenyl,include 3-chloro-4-methylphenyl, 2,5-dichloro-4-methylphenyl,3,5-dichloro-4-methylphenyl, 2,3,5-trichloro-4-methylphenyl,2,3,6-trichloro-4-methylphenyl, 3-bromo-4-methylphenyl,2,5-dibromo-4-methylphenyl, 3,5-dibromo-4-methylphenyl,2,3-difluoro-4-methylphenyl, 3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl,3-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl, 3,5-dibromo-4-methoxyphenyl,2,3-difluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 2,3-difluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl,2,3-difluoro-4-propoxyphenyl and 4-vinyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl.

In the case where R⁰ in formula (1-0) represents arylalkyl, thearylalkyl is constituted by aryl, arbitrary hydrogen of which may bereplaced by halogen or alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 20, andalkylene, arbitrary hydrogen of which may be replaced by fluorine, andarbitrary —CH₂— of which may be replaced by —O—, —CH═CH— orcycloalkylene. In the alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 20 as asubstituent of the aryl, arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine,and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, cycloalkylene orphenylene. Preferred examples of the arylalkyl include phenylalkyl. Inthe phenylalkyl, the alkylene preferably has a carbon number of from 1to 8.

Examples of the unsubstituted phenylalkyl include phenylmethyl,2-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl, 5-phenylpentyl,6-phenylhexyl, 11-phenylundecyl, 1-phenylethyl, 2-phenylpropyl,1-methyl-2-phenylethyl, 1-phenylpropyl, 3-phenylbutyl,1-methyl-3-phenylpropyl, 2-phenylbutyl, 2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl and1-phenylhexyl.

In the phenyl of the phenylalkyl, arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced byhalogen or alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8. In the alkylhaving a carbon number of from 1 to 8, arbitrary hydrogen may bereplaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O—,—CH═CH—, cycloalkylene or phenylene. Examples of the phenylalkyl wherearbitrary hydrogen of the phenyl is replaced by fluorine include4-fluorophenylmethyl, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenylmethyl,2-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)ethyl,3-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)propyl, 2-(2-fluorophenyl)propyl and2-(4-fluorophenyl)propyl.

Examples of the phenylalkyl where arbitrary hydrogen of the phenyl isreplaced by chlorine include 4-chlorophenylmethyl, 2-chlorophenylmethyl,2,6-dichlorophenylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenylmethyl,2,3,6-trichlorophenylmethyl, 2,4,6-triclorophenylmethyl,2,4,5-trichlorophenylmethyl, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenylmethyl,2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorophenylmethyl, 2-(2-chlorophenyl)ethyl,2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl, 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)ethyl,2-(2,3,6-trichlorophenyl)ethyl, 3-(3-chlorophenyl)propyl,3-(4-chlorophenyl)propyl, 3-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)propyl,3-(2,3,6-trichlorophenyl)propyl, 4-(2-chlorophenyl)butyl,4-(3-chlorophenyl)butyl, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)butyl,4-(2,3,6-trichlorophenyl)butyl, 4-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)butyl,1-(3-chlorophenyl)ethyl, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl,2-(4-chlorophenyl)propyl, 2-(2-chlorophenyl)propyl and1-(4-chlorophenyl)butyl.

Examples of the phenylalkyl where arbitrary hydrogen of the phenyl isreplaced by bromine include 2-bromophenylmethyl, 4-bromophenylmethyl,2,4-dibromophenylmethyl, 2,4,6-tribromophenylmethyl,2,3,4,5-tetrabromophenylmethyl, 2,3,4,5,6-pentabromophenylmethyl,2-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl, 3-(4-bromophenyl)propyl,3-(3-bromophenyl)propyl, 4-(4-bromophenyl)butyl, 1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl,2-(2-bromophenyl)propyl and 2-(4-bromophenyl)propyl.

Examples of the phenylalkyl where arbitrary hydrogen of the phenyl isreplaced by alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8 include2-methylphenylmethyl, 3-methylphenylmethyl, 4-methylphenylmethyl,4-dodecylphenylmethyl, 3,5-dimethylphenylmethyl,2-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl, 2-(3-methylphenyl)ethyl,2-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)ethyl, 2-(4-ethylphenyl)ethyl,2-(3-ethylphenyl)ethyl, 1-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl,1-(3-methylphenyl)ethyl, 1-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl,2-(4-methylphenyl)propyl, 2-(2-methylphenyl)propyl,2-(4-ethylphenyl)propyl, 2-(2-ethylphenyl)propyl,2-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)propyl, 2-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)propyl,2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)propyl, 2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)propyl,2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)propyl, 2-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)butyl,4-(1-methylethyl)phenylmethyl, 2-(4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl)ethyl,2-(4-(1-methylethyl)phenyl)propyl and 2-(3-(1-methylethyl)phenyl)propyl.

Examples of the phenylalkyl where arbitrary hydrogen of the phenyl isreplaced by alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8, and hydrogen ofthe alkyl is replaced by fluorine include 3-trifluoromethylphenylmethyl,2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)ethyl, 2-(4-nonafluorobutylphenyl)ethyl,2-(4-tridecafluorohexylphenyl)ethyl,2-(4-heptadecafluorooctylphenyl)ethyl, 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)ethyl,1-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)ethyl, 1-(4-nonafluorobutylphenyl)ethyl,1-(4-tridecafluorohexylphenyl)ethyl,1-(4-heptadecafluorooctylphenyl)ethyl,2-(4-nonafluorobutylphenyl)propyl,1-methyl-1-(4-nonafluorobutylphenyl)ethyl,2-(4-tridecafluorohexylphenyl)propyl,1-methyl-1-(4-tridecafluorohexylphenyl)ethyl,2-(4-heptadecafluorooctylphenyl)propyl and1-methyl-1-(4-heptadecafluorooctylphenyl)ethyl.

Examples of the phenylalkyl where arbitrary hydrogen of the phenyl isreplaced by alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8 in the casewhere —CH₂— in the alkyl is replaced by —CH═CH— include2-(4-vinylphenyl)ethyl, 1-(4-vinylphenyl)ethyl and1-(2-(2-propenyl)phenyl)ethyl. Examples of the phenylalkyl wherearbitrary hydrogen of the phenyl is replaced by alkyl having a carbonnumber of from 1 to 8 in the case where —CH₂— in the alkyl is replacedby —O-include 4-methoxyphenylmethyl, 3-methoxyphenylmethyl,4-ethoxyphenylmethyl, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl,3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl, 3-(2-methoxyphenyl)propyl,3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propyl, 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl,(3-methoxymethylphenyl)ethyl and3-(2-nonadecafluorodecenyloxyphenyl)propyl.

Examples of the phenylalkyl where arbitrary hydrogen of the phenyl isreplaced by alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8 in the casewhere one —CH₂— in the alkyl is replaced by cycloalkylene include, whichalso include the case where another one —CH₂— is replaced by —O—,cyclopentylphenylmethyl, cyclopentyloxyphenylmethyl,cyclohexylphenylmethyl, cyclohexylphenylethyl, cyclohexylphenylpropyland cyclohexyloxyphenylmethyl.

Examples of the phenylalkyl where arbitrary hydrogen of the phenyl isreplaced by alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8 in the casewhere one —CH₂— in the alkyl is replaced by phenylene include, whichalso include the case where another one —CH₂— is replaced by —O—,2-(4-phenoxyphenyl)ethyl, 2-(4-phenoxyphenyl)propyl,2-(2-phenoxyphenyl)propyl, 4-biphenylylmethyl, 3-biphenylylethyl,4-biphenylylethyl, 4-biphenylylpropyl, 2-(2-biphenylyl)propyl and2-(4-biphenylyl)propyl.

Examples of the phenylalkyl where at least two hydrogens of the phenylare replaced by different groups include3-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)propyl,3-chloro-2-methylphenylmethyl, 4-chloro-2-methylphenylmethyl,5-chloro-2-methylphenylmethyl, 6-chloro-2-methylphenylmethyl,2-chloro-4-methylphenylmethyl, 3-chloro-4-methylphenylmethyl,2,3-dichloro-4-methylphenylmethyl, 2,5-dichloro-4-methylphenylmethyl,3,5-dichloro-4-methylphenylmethyl, 2,3,5-trichloro-4-methylphenylmethyl,2,3,5,6-tretrachloro-4-methylphenylmethyl,2,3,4,6-tretrachloro-5-methylphenylmethyl,2,3,4,5-tretrachloro-6-methylphenylmethyl,4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenylmethyl, 2-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenylmethyl,2,4-dichloro-3,5-dimethylphenylmethyl,2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethylphenylmethyl,2,4,6-trichloro-3,5-dimethylphenylmethyl, 3-boromo-2-methylphenylmethyl,4-bromo-2-methylphenylmethyl, 5-bromo-2-methylphenylmethyl,6-bromo-2-methylphenylmethyl, 3-bromo-4-methylphenylmethyl,2,3-dibromo-4-methylphenylmethyl, 2,3,5-tribromo-4-methylphenylmethyland 2,3,5,6-tetrabromo-4-methylphenylmethyl.

More preferred examples of the phenyl in the phenylalkyl includeunsubstituted phenyl and phenyl having at least one of fluorine, alkylhaving a carbon number of from 1 to 4, vinyl and methoxy as asubstituent. In some cases, phenylalkyl having vinyl as a substituent isnot preferred as described later.

Examples of the phenylalkyl where —CH₂— of the alkylene is replaced by—O—, —CH═CH— or cycloalkylene include 3-phenoxypropyl, 1-phenylvinyl,2-phenylvinyl, 3-phenyl-2-propenyl, 4-phenyl-4-pentenyl,13-phenyl-12-tridecenyl, phenylcyclohexyl and phenoxycyclohexyl.

Examples of the phenylalkenyl where hydrogen of the phenyl is replacedby fluorine or methyl include 4-fluorophenylvinyl,2,3-difluorophenylvinyl, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenylvinyl and4-methylphenylvinyl.

More preferred examples of R⁰ include unsubstituted phenyl, halogenatedphenyl, phenyl having at least one methyl, methoxyphenyl, naphthyl,phenylmethyl, phenylethyl, phenylbutyl, 2-phenylpropyl,1-methyl-2-phenylethyl, pentafluorophenylpropyl, 4-ethylphenylethyl,3-ethylphenylethyl, 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenylethyl,4-vinylphenylethyl, 1-(4-vinylphenyl)ethyl, 4-methoxyphenylpropyl,phenoxypropyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. Further preferred examples ofR⁰ include unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.

In formula (1-0), R¹ each represents chlorine, a group defined assimilar to R⁰, or a group having —CN. Examples of the group having —CNinclude the aforementioned groups exemplified for R⁰ where arbitraryhydrogen is replaced by —CN. Preferred examples of R¹ include a groupdefined as similar to R⁰, and among these, alkyl having a carbon numberof from 1 to 8, unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl aremore preferred. Further preferred examples of R¹ include alkyl having acarbon number of from 1 to 4 and unsubstituted phenyl. The alkyl havinga carbon number of from 1 to 4 is most preferably methyl.

In formula (1-0), X independently represents hydrogen, chlorine, a groupdefined as similar to R¹, or a group having one of —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —OH,—COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene, oxetanyl,oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH— and —NH₂. At least twoof X each is hydrogen, chlorine or a group having one of —CH═CH—, —C≡C—,—OH, —COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene,oxetanyl, oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH— and —NH₂. Inother words, at least two of X are reactive groups that are preferredfor forming the polymer. The balance of X each is another group that isnot reacted with the reactive group thus selected or a group definedsimilar to R¹, and preferably a group defined similar to R¹. Si—Cl maybe utilized for forming the polymer, and may be utilized for graftmodification or the like after forming the polymer. —CH═CH— and —C≡C—are aliphatic unsaturated bonds. Examples thereof include vinyl andethynyl, and also include groups of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and acondensed ring where arbitrary hydrogen is replaced by —CH═CH— or —C≡C—.Examples thereof further include groups of alkyl, cycloalkyl and acondensed ring where arbitrary —CH₂— is replaced by —CH═CH— or —C≡C—.Other groups, such as —OH, may be included in ordinary functional groupsfor forming the polymer. The compound (1-0) is reacted with the compoundhaving at least two groups capable of reacting with a reactive group inthe compound (1-0), so as to obtain the preferred polymer.

In the invention, such a polymer is preferred that is obtained by usingthe compound (1-0) having at least two alkenyls or the compound (1-0)having at least two Si—H groups. The compound (1-0) having at least twoalkenyls is represented by formula (1-1).

In formula (1-1), R is a group defined as similar to R⁰ in formula(1-0), and preferred groups thereof are the same as in R⁰. R¹ is a groupdefined as similar to R¹ in formula (1-0). However, it is not preferredthat R and each represents hydrogen or alkenyl.

At least two of X¹¹ each represents alkenyl. The balance of X¹¹ eachindependently represents a group defined as similar to R¹ or a grouphaving one of —OH, —COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl,oxiranylene, oxetanyl, oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO,—NH—, —NH₂, —CN and —O—. Preferred examples of X¹¹ other than alkenylinclude chlorine and a group defined as similar to R¹, and morepreferred examples thereof include a group defined as similar to R¹. Itis further preferred that all X¹¹ each represents alkenyl.

The group having one of —OH, —COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl,oxiranyl, oxiranylene, oxetanyl, oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH,—NCO, —NH—, —NH₂, —CN and —O— may be either an aliphatic group, a grouphaving an aromatic ring, a group having an aliphatic ring or a grouphaving a silicon atom. However, such a group is not preferred that hasone of these groups and alkenyl or Si—H simultaneously.

Examples of the alkenyl include alkenyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, alkenylphenyl,alkenyloxyphenyl, alkenylphenylalkyl, alkenyloxyphenylalkyl,alkenylcycloalkyl and alkenyloxycycloalkyl. Preferred examples amongthese include alkenyl having a carbon number of from 2 to 4, styryl,vinyloxyphenyl and allyloxyphenyl. More preferred examples thereofinclude vinyl, allyl and styryl, and further preferred examples thereofinclude vinyl.

Upon using the compound (1-1), a compound having at least two Si—Hgroups can be selected as a counterpart of the reaction, whereby apolymer can be obtained by utilizing a hydrosilylation reaction. Inorder to obtain a polymer having a linear chemical structure withoutbranch, it is preferred to select a compound having two Si—H groups as acounterpart of the reaction with the compound (1-1). Such a compound canbe selected from silsesquioxane derivatives or compounds havingsiloxane, whereby a polymer having excellent properties (for example,heat resistance and weather resistance) can be obtained.

Preferred examples of the compound as a counterpart of the reaction withthe compound (1-1) include a compound (1-2), a compound (2-1), acompound (3-1), a compound (4-1), a compound (5-1) and a compound (6-1).The compound (1-2) is a compound where the compound (1-0) has Si—Hgroups.

In formula (1-2), R represents a group defined as similar to R informula (1-1), and preferred examples thereof are the same. R¹represents a group defined as similar to R¹ in formula (1-1), andpreferred examples thereof are the same. At least two of X¹² eachrepresents hydrogen, and the balance of X¹² each independentlyrepresents a group defined as similar to R¹ or a group having one of—OH, —COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene,oxetanyl, oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH— and —NH₂.Preferred examples of X¹² other than hydrogen include a group defined assimilar to R¹.

The compound (2-1) is a hydrosilane derivative.

In formula (2-1), R¹ represents a group defined as similar to R¹ informula (1-1), and preferred examples thereof are the same. At least twoof X²¹ each represents hydrogen, and two thereof are preferablyhydrogens. In this case, the balance of X²¹ represents R¹.

The compound (3-1) is a silicon compound having a structure bonded in alinear form.

In formula (3-1), R¹ each represents a group defined as similar to R¹ informula (1-1), and preferred examples thereof include a group defined assimilar to R¹ and L represents a single bond, —O—, —CH₂—, —(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₃—, —(CH₂)₄—, 1,4-phenylene, 4,4′-diphenylene,4,4′-oxy-1,1′-diphenylene or a group represented by formula (c).

wherein R² each represents a group defined as similar to R¹, and mrepresents an integer of from 1 to 30.

Formula (3-1) can be expanded as follows.

In formulae (3-1-1) to (3-1-7), R¹ has the same meaning as R¹ in formula(3-1), and preferred examples thereof are the same. k represents aninteger of from 1 to 4, R² represents a group defined as similar to R¹,and m represents an integer of from 1 to 30. Among the compounds (3-1-1)to (3-1-7), the compound (3-1-7) is preferred. By using the compound asa counterpart of the compound (1-1), a polymer having a flexiblemolecular structure can be obtained.

The compound (4-1) is a PSQ derivative having a cage structure.

In formula (4-1), R² each represents a group defined as similar to R¹ informula (2-1). At least two of X²¹ each represents hydrogen, and onlytwo thereof are preferably hydrogens. It is more preferred that theseare at separate positions. The balance of X²¹ each represents a groupdefined as similar to R in formula (1-1), and preferred examples thereofare the same. e represents 0 or 1. n represents an integer of from 3 to30. n preferably represents from 4 to 6.

The compound (5-1) is a silicon compound having a structure of the cagestructure of octasilsesquioxane with one broken corner.

In formula (5-1), R and R¹ each represents groups defined as similar toR and R¹ in formula (1-1), respectively. Preferred examples thereof arethe same, respectively. At least two of X³¹ each represents hydrogen,and the balance of X³¹ each represents R¹.

The compound (6-1) is a PSQ derivative having a T8D2 structure or astructure similar thereto. Assuming that a structure where three oxygensare bonded to Si is referred to as a T structure, and a structure wheretwo oxygens are bonded to Si is referred to as a D structure, the T8D2structure means such a structure that is formed by combining eight Tstructures and two D structures.

In formula (6-1), R each represents a group defined as similar to R informula (1-1), and preferred examples thereof are the same. Y¹ eachrepresents a group represented by formula (a-1) or formula (b-1).

In each of formula (a-1) and formula (b-1), at least one of X³¹represents hydrogen, and the balance thereof each independentlyrepresents chlorine, a group defined as similar to R, or a group havingone of —OH, —COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene,oxetanyl, oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH—, —NH₂, —CNand —O—.

Preferred examples of X³¹ other than hydrogen include chlorine and agroup defined as similar to R, and more preferred examples thereofinclude a group defined as similar to R. Further preferred examples ofthe group defined as similar to R include alkyl having a carbon numberof from 1 to 8, unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl, andstill further preferred examples thereof include alkyl having a carbonnumber of from 1 to 4 and unsubstituted phenyl. Further preferredexamples of the alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 4 includemethyl. In formula (b-1), Z represents a single bond, —O— or —CH₂—, andpreferred examples of Z include —O—. In order to exert the advantage ofthe invention sufficiently, it is preferred in each of formula (a-1) andformula (b-1) that only one of X³¹ represents hydrogen.

The case of using the compound (1-0) having at least two Si—H will bethen described. The compound (1-0) of this kind is a compound (1-2).

In formula (1-2), R represents a group defined as similar to R⁰ informula (1-0), and preferred examples thereof are the same. R¹represents a group defined as similar to R¹ in formula (1-0), andpreferred examples thereof are the same. More preferred examples of R¹include alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8, unsubstitutedphenyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl, and further preferred examplesthereof include alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 4 andunsubstituted phenyl. Further preferred examples of the alkyl having acarbon number of from 1 to 4 include methyl. However, it is notpreferred that R and R¹ each represents hydrogen or alkenyl.

At least two of X¹² each represents hydrogen. The balance of X¹² eachindependently represents a group defined as similar to R¹ or a grouphaving one of —OH, —COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl,oxiranylene, oxetanyl, oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH—and —NH₂. Preferred examples of X¹² other than hydrogen include chlorineand a group defined as similar to R¹, and more preferred examplesthereof include a group defined as similar to R¹. It is furtherpreferred that all X¹² each represents hydrogen.

Upon using the compound (1-2), a compound having at least two alkenylsor a compound having a carbon-carbon triple bond can be selected as acounterpart of the reaction, whereby a polymer can be obtained byutilizing a hydrosilylation reaction. In order to obtain a polymerhaving a linear chemical structure without branch, it is preferred toselect a compound having two alkenyls or a compound having one or twocarbon-carbon triple bonds as a counterpart of the reaction with thecompound (1-2). Silsesquioxane derivatives or compounds having siloxanecan be selected as such compounds, whereby a polymer excellent in heatresistance, weather resistance and the like can be obtained. Examples ofthe alkenyl and preferred examples thereof are those having beendescribed.

Preferred examples of the compound as a counterpart of the reaction withthe compound (1-2) include a compound (2-2), a compound (3-2), acompound (4-2), a compound (5-2), a compound (6-2) and compound (d-1) tocompound (d-4). The compound (2-2) is a hydrosilane derivative.

In formula (2-2), R¹ represents a group defined as similar to R¹ informula (1-2), and preferred examples thereof are the same. At least twoof X²² each represents alkenyl or a group having a carbon-carbon triplebond, and two thereof are preferably alkenyl or a carbon-carbon triplebond-containing group. In this case, the balance of X²² represents R₁.The following compound is an example of the compound having acarbon-carbon triple bond. In the case where X²² represents alkenyl,examples of the compound and preferred examples thereof are those havingbeen described.

The compound (3-2) is a silicon compound having a structure bonded in alinear form.

In formula (3-2), R¹ each represents a group defined as similar to R¹ informula (1-2), and preferred examples thereof are the same. L representsa single bond, —O—, —CH₂—, —(CH₂)₂—, —(CH₂)₃—, —(CH₂)₄—, 1,4-phenylene,4,4′-diphenylene, 4,4′-oxy-1,1′-diphenylene or a group represented byformula (c).

wherein R² each represents a group defined as similar to R¹, and mrepresents an integer of from 1 to 30.

Formula (3-2) can be expanded as follows.

In formulae (3-2-1) to (3-2-7), R¹ has the same meaning as R¹ in formula(3-2), and preferred examples thereof are the same. k represents aninteger of from 1 to 4, R² represents a group defined as similar to R¹,and m represents an integer of from 1 to 30. X²² represents alkenyl or agroup having a carbon-carbon triple bond. In the case where X²²represents alkenyl, examples and preferred examples thereof are thosehaving been described. Among the compounds (3-2-1) to (3-2-7), thecompound (3-2-7) is preferred. By using the compound as a counterpart ofthe compound (1-2), a polymer having a flexible molecular structure canbe obtained.

The compound (4-2) is a PSQ derivative having a cage structure.

In formula (4-2), R² each represents a group defined as similar to R¹ informula (2-2). At least two of X²² each represents alkenyl or a grouphaving a carbon-carbon triple bond, and only two thereof are preferablyalkenyls. It is more preferred that these are at separate positions.Examples of the alkenyl and preferred examples thereof include thosedefined above. The balance of X²² each represents a group defined assimilar to R in formula (1-2), and preferred examples thereof are thesame. e represents 0 or 1. n represents an integer of from 3 to 30. npreferably represents from 4 to 6.

The compound (5-2) is a silicon compound having a structure of the cagestructure of octasilsesquioxane with one broken corner.

In formula (5-2), R and R¹ each represents groups defined as similar toR and R¹ in formula (1-2), respectively, and preferred examples thereofare the same, respectively. At least two of X³² each represents alkenylor a group having a carbon-carbon triple bond, and the balance of X³²each represents a group defined as similar to R¹. In the case where X³²represents alkenyl, examples and preferred examples thereof are thosehaving been described.

As similar to the compound (6-1), the compound (6-2) is a PSQ derivativehaving a T8D2 structure or a structure similar thereto.

In formula (6-2), R each represents a group defined as similar to R informula (1-2), and preferred examples thereof are the same. Y² eachrepresents a group represented by formula (a-2) or formula (b-2):

In each of formula (a-2) and formula (b-2), at least one of X³²represents alkenyl, and the balance of X³² each independently representschlorine, a group defined as similar to R, or a group having one of —OH,—COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene, oxetanyl,oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH—, —NH₂, —CN and —O—.

Preferred examples of X³² other than alkenyl include chlorine and agroup defined as similar to R, and more preferred examples thereofinclude a group defined as similar to R. Further preferred examples ofthe group defined as similar to R include alkyl having a carbon numberof from 1 to 8, unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl, andstill further preferred examples thereof include alkyl having a carbonnumber of from 1 to 4 and unsubstituted phenyl. Further preferredexamples of the alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 4 includemethyl. In formula (b-2), Z represents a single bond, —O— or —CH₂—.Preferred examples of Z include —O—. In order to exert the advantage ofthe invention sufficiently, it is preferred in each of formula (a-2) andformula (b-2) that only one of X³² represents alkenyl.

The compound (d-1) to compound (d-4) are examples of the compound havingalkenyl or a carbon-carbon triple bond other than the aforementionedsilicon compounds.H₂C═CH—R³—CH═CH₂  (d-1)HC≡C—R³C≡CH  (d-2)R⁴—C≡C—R⁴  (d-3)R⁴—C≡C—C≡C—R⁴  (d-4)

In each of formula (d-1) to formula (d-4), R³ each represents alkylenehaving a carbon number of from 1 to 40 or phenylene, arbitrary hydrogenof which may be replaced by halogen or alkyl having a carbon number offrom 1 to 4. R⁴ each represents alkyl having a carbon number of from 1to 8 or phenyl, arbitrary hydrogen of which may be replaced by halogenor alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 4. In each of the alkylenehaving a carbon number of from 1 to 40 and the alkyl having a carbonnumber of from 1 to 8, arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O— or —COO—.

Examples of these compounds are shown below. In the following formulae,k1 represents an integer of from 1 to 12.

The compound having alkenyl or a carbon-carbon triple bond other thanthe silicon compounds are not limited to the compound (d-1) to compound(d-4). For example, the following compound may be used.

The compound (1-0) used in the invention can be easily obtained, forexample, by reacting a compound (1-M) with a compound (E).

In these formulae, the symbols have the same meanings as the samesymbols in formula (1-0), respectively.

The compound (1-M) can be obtained by condensing a compound (F) throughhydrolysis in the presence of sodium hydroxide, water and an organicsolvent.

In the formula, R⁰ has the same meaning as R⁰ in formula (1-0), and A¹represents a hydrolyzable group. Preferred examples of A¹ includechlorine and alkoxy having a carbon number of from 1 to 4. The usingamount of sodium hydroxide is preferably from 0.4 to 0.8 in terms ofmolar ratio to the compound (F). The amount of water to be added ispreferably from 1.1 to 1.3 in terms of molar ratio to the compound (F).Preferred examples of the organic solvent include a linear, branched orcyclic monovalent alcohol.

The compound (5-1) and the compound (5-2) can be easily obtained, forexample, by reacting a compound (5-M) with a compound (G1) or a compound(G2), respectively.

In these formulae, the symbols have the same meanings as the symbols informulae (5-1) and (5-2).

The compound (5-M) can be obtained by condensing a compound (H) throughhydrolysis in the presence of sodium hydroxide, water and an organicsolvent having oxygen in formula.

In the formula, R has the same meaning as R in formula (5-1), and A¹ hasthe same meaning as A¹ in formula (F). The using amount of sodiumhydroxide is preferably from 0.2 to 1 in terms of molar ratio to thecompound (H). The amount of water to be added is preferably from 1 to 3in terms of molar ratio to the compound (H). Preferred examples of theorganic solvent include a linear, branched or cyclic monovalent alcoholand a linear or cyclic ether.

The production conditions of the compound (1-M) are included in therange of the production conditions of the compound (5-M). That is, inthe production conditions of the compound (5-M), there are conditionswhere only the compound (5-M) can be obtained, and conditions where boththe compound (1-M) and the compound (5-M) can be obtained. Only thecompound (1-M) can be obtained by optimizing the using ratio of thecompound (F), sodium hydroxide and water.

The compound (6-1) and the compound (6-2) can be easily obtained byreacting the compound (1-M) with a compound (J1) and a compound (J2),respectively.

In the formulae, X³¹, X³² and Z have the same meanings as the samesymbols in formula (a-1), formula (a-2), formula (b-1) or formula (b-2),and q represents 0 or 1. A part of the compounds used in the inventioncan also be available from Hybrid Plastics, Inc. (of U.S.) other thanthe compound (1-0), the compound (6-1) and the compound (6-2).

The solvent used in the hydrosilylation reaction is not particularlylimited as far as it does not impair the progress of the reaction.Preferred examples of the solvent include an aliphatic hydrocarbon (suchas hexane and heptane), an aromatic hydrocarbon (such as benzene,toluene and xylene), an ether (such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran(THF) and dioxane), a halogenated hydrocarbon (such as methylenechloride and carbon tetrachloride), and an ester (such as ethylacetate). These solvents may be used solely or in combination of pluralkinds thereof. Among these solvents, an aromatic hydrocarbon ispreferred. Toluene is more preferred as the aromatic hydrocarbon. In thecase where the solvent is used, the ratio of the compound of theinvention with respect to the solvent is preferably from 0.05 to 80% byweight based on the weight of the solvent. The ratio is more preferablyfrom 30 to 70% by weight. The ratio varies depending on purposes. Thesolvent is not always necessary.

The hydrosilylation polymerization may be carried out at roomtemperature. The system may be heated to accelerate the polymerization.The system may be cooled to control heating of the polymerization or tocontrol unfavorable polymerization and the like purposes. A catalyst maybe used in the hydrosilylation polymerization depending on necessity.The polymerization can be easily effected by adding a hydrosilylationcatalyst. Preferred examples of the hydrosilylation catalyst include aKarstedt catalyst, a Speier catalyst and hexachloroplatinic acid, andthese are catalysts that are ordinarily well known in the art. Thehydrosilylation catalyst may be added in a small amount for effectingthe reaction owing to the high reactivity thereof. The using amountthereof is from 10⁻⁹ to 1% by mole in terms of a ratio of a transitionmetal contained in the catalyst with respect to the hydrosilyl groups.The addition ratio is preferably from 10⁻⁷ to 10⁻³% by mole. The value10⁻⁹ by mole is the lower limit where the polymerization can proceed tocomplete the reaction within an acceptable period of time. The ratio ispreferably 1% by mole or less in consideration of reduction of theproduction cost.

In a linear polymer, reduction in molecular weight occurs by cleavage ofthe main chain only once, but it occurs by cleavage of the main chaintwice or more in a ladder polymer. Accordingly, a three-dimensionalladder polymer having a double-decker structure introduced into the mainchain is superior in heat stability to a polymer obtained by introducinga skeleton of a cage structure into a main chain of a linear polymer.Thus, a polymer having a high strength and a high modulus of elasticitycan be obtained owing to the three-dimensional structure. That is, sucha polymer can be obtained that has higher heat resistance and physicalstrength than a polymer obtained by introducing a skeleton of a cagestructure into a main chain of a linear polymer. In order to enhance theadvantage, it is preferred to use, as the counterpart of the compound(1-0), the same compound (1-0) or a compound having a cage structure.One example of the preferred combination is a combination of at leastone of the compound (1-2), the compound (4-1), the compound (5-1) andthe compound (6-1) with the compound (1-1). Another example of thepreferred combination is a combination of at least one of the compound(4-2), the compound (5-2) and the compound (6-2) with the compound(1-2). One example of the more preferred combination is a combination ofat least one of the compound (1-2), the compound (5-1) and the compound(6-1) with the compound (1-1). Another example of the more preferredcombination is a combination of at least one of the compound (5-2) andthe compound (6-2) with the compound (1-2). A combination of thecompound (1-1) and the compound (1-2) is further preferred. The polymercan be controlled in flexibility, transparency, dielectric constant,refractive index and the like depending on necessity by adjusting theproperties of the reaction component (such as the length, the hardnessand the constitutional atoms of the molecular chain) and the reactionconditions.

Specifically, the flexibility of the polymer can be adjusted by usingthe compound (3-1), the compound (3-2), the compound (d-1) or thecompound (d-2) in combination. One example of the case where thecompound (3-1), the compound (3-2), the compound (d-1) or the compound(d-2) is used is that a combination of at least one of the compound(1-2), the compound (5-1) and the compound (6-1) with the compound (1-1)is further combined with the compound (3-1). Another example thereof isthat a combination of at least one of the compound (5-2) and thecompound (6-2) with the compound (1-2) is further combined with thecompound (3-2), the compound (d-1) or the compound (d-2). Furthermore, acombination of the compound (1-1) with the compound (3-1) may be used,and the combination of the compound (1-2) with the compound (3-2), thecompound (d-1) or the compound (d-2) may be used.

A polymer obtained by introducing a skeleton of the double-deckerstructure to the main chain is excellent in solubility, heat resistance,mechanical strength, optical transmissibility, gas transmissibility,dielectric constant, flame retardancy, adhesion property, processabilityand the like. As a result, it can be applied to a wide range ofpurposes. For example, it can be used as an electric and electronicmaterial, a coating agent for a substrate, such as a film for preventingelution of metallic ions, a gas barrier film and an antireflection film,a coating agent for a semiconductor, such as a liquid sealant and aninterlayer dielectric film, an optical device, such as a microlens, anoptical waveguide plate and an optical waveguide material, a displaysubstrate, and a printed-circuit board. Depending on necessity, othercomponents, such as an antioxidant, a colorant and a filler, may bemixed with the polymer in such a range that does not impair the intendedproperties.

In the case where the hydrosilylation reaction is not utilized, thepolymer can be obtained by using the PSQ derivative represented byformula (1-3).

In formula (1-3), R⁰ represents a group defined as similar to R⁰ informula (1-0), and preferred examples are the same. R¹ represents agroup defined as similar to R¹ in formula (1-0), and preferred examplesare the same.

At least two of X¹³ each represents chlorine or a group having one of—OH, —COOH, —COO—, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, oxiranyl, oxiranylene,oxetanyl, oxetanylene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl, —SH, —NCO, —NH— and —NH₂.Examples of X¹³ other than the reactive groups include a group definedas similar to R¹, and a group having —CN. Preferred examples of X¹³other than the reactive groups include a group defined as similar to R¹.Si—Cl may be utilized for forming the polymer, and may be utilized forgraft modification or the like after forming the polymer. The compound(1-3) having at least two reactive groups can be reacted with a compoundhaving at least two groups capable of reacting with the reactive groups,so as to obtain the polymer.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The invention will be described more specifically with reference toexamples, but the invention is not limited to the following examples.The test methods in the examples will be described below.

(1) Molecular Weight:

The number average molecular weight (Mn) and the weight averagemolecular weight (Mw) were measured with GPC.

Apparatus: JASCO GULLIVER 1500 (intelligent differential refractometerRI-1530), produced by JASCO Corp.

Column: Four columns, G4000HXL, G3000HXL, G2500HXL and G2000HXL,produced by Tosoh Corp. connected in this order

Column Temperature: 40° C.

Developing Solvent: THF

Flow Rate: 1 mL/min

Standard Substance: polystyrene having known molecular weight

(2) Pencil Hardness

Obtained according to JIS K5400, 8.4 Pencil Scratch Test.

In the chemical formulae in the examples, Me represents methyl, and Phrepresents phenyl.

EXAMPLE 1

Compound (7) (0.5 g), Compound (8) (1.8 g) and Compound (9) (0.55 g)were dissolved in toluene (15 mL). The solution was heated to 90° C., towhich a Karstedt catalyst (1 μL) was then added, followed by stirring atthe same temperature for 2 hours. The polymer in the reaction liquidobtained was measured for molecular weight with GPC, and thus it wasfound that Mn=2,700 and Mw=5,100. The reaction liquid was dropped on aglass plate, and toluene was evaporated therefrom to obtain a smooth andtransparent film adhered on the surface of the glass. It was heated to300° C. for 1 hour and measured for film hardness by the pencil hardnesstest, and it was H or more. The film thus heated was immersed in tolueneat room temperature for 1 hour while the film was adhered to the glass,and then it was visually observed. As a result, no change was found inthe film, and thus the resulting polymer film was good in solventresistance.

EXAMPLE 2

The reaction liquid obtained in Example 1 was applied by the spincoating method on a glass substrate having been subjected to chromiumplating, and then heated to 80° C. for 3 minutes. It was further heatedto 220° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a transparent film with goodadhesiveness having a thickness of 3.5 μm. The film was measured forrefractive index with an Abbe refractometer, and thus it was 1.567. Thefilm was measured for relative dielectric constant with LCR Meter 4263B,produced by Hewlett-Packard Corp., and thus it was 2.8 (1 KHz).

EXAMPLE 3

The reaction liquid obtained in Example 1 was applied by the spincoating method on a glass substrate having been subjected to chromiumplating, and then heated to 80° C. for 3 minutes. It was further heatedto 220° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a transparent film with goodadhesiveness having a thickness of 1.5 μm. The film had a lighttransmittance of 90% or more in a wavelength range of from 380 to 720nm.

EXAMPLE 4

The reaction liquid obtained in Example 1 was applied by the spincoating method on a glass substrate having ITO vapor-deposited on thesurface thereof, and then heated to 80° C. for 3 minutes. It was furtherheated to 200° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a transparent film with goodadhesiveness having a thickness of 100 nm. The surface of the film wasanalyzed by the electron spectroscopy by X-ray irradiation, and thus In(indium) was not detected. The film of the polymer of the invention hasa favorable function of preventing elution of metallic ions.

EXAMPLE 5

After evaporating toluene from a reaction liquid obtained in the samemanner as in Example 1, the residue was again dissolved in atoluene-mesitylene mixed solvent (volume ratio: 9/1). The resultingsolution was applied on an aluminum foil with an applicator, and thealuminum foil was heated in an oven to 150° C. for 1 hour. Thereafter,the aluminum foil was removed with hydrochloric acid to produce acolorless transparent film with good flexibility and strength having athickness of 45 μm.

EXAMPLE 6

The reaction liquid obtained in Example 1 was applied on a glasssubstrate, and toluene was evaporated at room temperature, followed byheating to 250° C. for 1 hour. The resulting film was stripped from theglass substrate and measured for dynamic viscoelasticity, and thussudden reduction in viscoelasticity was not observed until 220° C.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

According to the invention, such a polymer can be synthesized that has asilsesquioxane derivative in a main chain and has a distinct structure.Such a polymer can also be produced that has, as a main chain, astructure obtained by continuously connecting double-deckersilsesquioxane skeletons. The polymer can be controlled in thermalmotion of the molecular chains since the main chain abundantly containsrigid parts having a large molecular weight. Therefore, it can befavorably applied to such a purpose that the motion of molecular chainsis to be controlled, for example, purposes requiring such properties asgas permeability and dimensional stability. A polymer having a largerefractive index can be obtained by using a compound having a group witha large refractive index, such as a phenyl group, bonded to the Si atomconstituting silsesquioxane, as the compound (1-0) and the counterpartof the reaction therewith. On the other hand, the extent of therefractive index can be adjusted by using a compound with a lowrefractive index as the counterpart of the compound (1). Therefore, inthe case where the polymer is coated on a surface of a substrate, suchas glass and a polymer, the refractive index thereof can be adjusted toa value close to the substrate. The polymer of the invention has, inaddition to the aforementioned characteristics, such characteristicsthat have not been known in the conventional polymers using asilsesquioxane derivative, and is excellent in heat resistance, solventresistance, adhesion property to a substrate, transparency, film formingproperty and the like. The polymer can be used as a film, a sheet and amolded article.

1. A polymer obtained by reacting a silsesquioxane derivativerepresented by formula (1-0) with a compound having at least two groupscapable of reacting with a reactive group in the silsesquioxanederivative:

wherein R⁰ each independently represents alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl; inthe alkyl, the number of carbon atoms is from 1 to 40, arbitraryhydrogen may be replaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may bereplaced by —O—, or cycloalkylene; in the aryl, arbitrary hydrogen maybe replaced by halogen or alkyl having 1-20 carbon atoms; the arylalkylis constituted by aryl in which arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced byhalogen or alkyl having 1-20 carbon atoms, and alkylene in whicharbitrary hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— maybe replaced by —O—, or cycloalkylene; in the alkyl having 1-20 carbonatoms as a substituent of the aryl, arbitrary hydrogen may be replacedby fluorine, and arbitrary —CH₂— may be replaced by —O—, cycloalkyleneor phenylene; R¹ each represents chlorine, or a group definedidentically with R⁰; X independently represents hydrogen, a groupdefined identically with R¹, or a group having one of —CH═CH—, —C≡C—,—OH, —COOH, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, and —NH₂; and at least two of X eachis hydrogen, or a group having one of —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —OH, —COOH,2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, and —NH₂; with the proviso that where at leasttwo of X each represents a group having —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, a reactivegroup of the compound, with which the silsesquioxane derivativerepresented by formula (1-0) is reacted, is a Si—H group.
 2. The polymeraccording to claim 1, wherein all R⁰ each represents the same groupselected from unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; and R¹each represents alkyl having 1-8 carbon atoms, unsubstituted phenyl,cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.
 3. The polymer according to claim 1, which isobtained by reacting a silsesquioxane derivative represented by formula(1-1) with a compound having at least two Si—H groups:

wherein all R each represents the same group selected from unsubstitutedphenyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; R¹ each represents alkyl having 1-8carbon atoms, unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl; and atleast two of X¹¹ each represents group having —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and thebalance of X¹¹ each represents a group defined identically with R¹. 4.The polymer according to claim 1, which is obtained by reacting asilsesquioxane derivative represented by formula (1-1) with at least onecompound selected from a silsesquioxane derivative represented byformula (1-2), a compound represented by formula (2-1), a compoundrepresented by formula (3-1), a compound represented by formula (4-1), acompound represented by formula (5-1) and a compound represented byformula (6-1):

wherein all R each represents unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl andcyclohexyl; R¹ each represents alkyl having 1-8 carbon atoms,unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl; and at least two of X¹¹each represents a group having —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the balance of X¹¹each represents a group defined identically with R¹:

wherein R and R¹ are defined identically with R and R¹ in formula (1-1),respectively; and at least two of X¹² each represents hydrogen, and thebalance of X¹² each represents a group defined identically with R¹:

wherein R¹ represents a group defined identically with R¹ in formula(1-1); and at least two of X²¹ each represents hydrogen, and the balanceof X²¹ represents a group defined identically with R¹:

wherein R¹ each represents a group defined identically with R¹ informula (1-1); and L represents a single bond, —O—, —CH₂—, —(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₃—, —(CH₂)₄—, 1,4-phenylene, 4,4′-diphenylene,4,4′-oxy-1,1′-diphenylene or a group represented by formula (c):

wherein R₂ each represents a group defined identically with R¹; and mrepresents an integer of from 1 to 30:

wherein R₂ each represents a group defined identically with R¹ informula (2-1); at least two of X²¹ each represents hydrogen, and thebalance of X²¹ each represents a group defined identically with R informula (1-1); e represents 0 or 1; and n represents an integer of from3 to 30:

wherein R and R¹ each represents groups defined identically with R andR¹ in formula (1-1), respectively; and at least two of X³¹ eachrepresents hydrogen, and the balance of X³¹ represents R¹:

wherein R each represents a group defined identically with R in formula(1-1); and Y¹ each represents a group represented by formula (a-1) orformula (b-1):

in each of formula (a-1) and formula (b-1), at least one of X³¹represents hydrogen, and the balance of X³¹ each represents a groupdefined identically with R; and in formula (b-1), Z represents a singlebond, —O— or —CH₂—.
 5. The polymer according to claim 4, wherein informula (1-1), X¹¹ each represents vinyl, allyl or styryl; in formula(1-2), X¹² represents hydrogen; in formula (2-1), two of X²¹ eachrepresents hydrogen, and the balance thereof each represents R¹; informula (4-1), two of X²¹ each represents hydrogen, and the balancethereof each represents a group defined identically with R in formula(1-1); in each of formula (a-1) and formula (b-1), one of X³¹ representshydrogen, and the balance thereof each represents alkyl having a carbonnumber of from 1 to 8, unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl;and in formula (b-1), Z represents —O—.
 6. The polymer according toclaim 4, wherein in formula (1-1), all R each represents unsubstitutedphenyl, and X¹¹ each represents vinyl, allyl or styryl; in each offormula (1-1), formula (1-2), formula (2-1), formula (3-1) and formula(5-1), R¹ each represents alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 4 orunsubstituted phenyl; in formula (1-2), X¹² represents hydrogen; informula (2-1), two of X²¹ each represents hydrogen, and the balancethereof each represents R¹; in formula (4-1), two of X²¹ each representshydrogen, and the balance thereof each represents unsubstituted phenyl;in each of formula (a-1) and formula (b-1), one of X³¹ representshydrogen, and the balance thereof each represents alkyl having a carbonnumber of from 1 to 4 or unsubstituted phenyl; and in formula (b-1), Zrepresents —O—.
 7. The polymer according to claim 1, which is obtainedby reacting a silsesquioxane derivative represented by (1-2) with acompound having at least two alkenyls or a compound having acarbon-carbon triple bond:

wherein all R each represents unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl andcyclohexyl; R¹ each represents alkyl having 1-8 carbon atoms,unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl; and at least two of X¹²each represents hydrogen, and the balance of X¹² each represents a groupdefined identically with R¹.
 8. The polymer according to claim 7, whichis obtained by reacting a silsesquioxane derivative represented byformula (1-2) with at least one compound selected from a compoundrepresented by formula (2-2), a compound represented by formula (3-2), acompound represented by formula (4-2), a compound represented by formula(5-2), a compound represented by formula (6-2), a compound representedby formula (d-1), a compound represented by formula (d-2), a compoundrepresented by formula (d-3) and a compound represented by formula(d-4):

wherein all R each represents unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl andcyclohexyl; R¹ each represents alkyl having 1-8 carbon atoms,unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl; and at least two of X¹²each represents hydrogen, and the balance of X¹² each represents a groupdefined identically with R¹:

wherein R¹ represents a group defined identically with R¹ in formula(1-2); and at least two of X²² each represents alkenyl or a group havinga carbon-carbon triple bond, and the balance of X²² each represents agroup defined identically with R¹:

wherein R¹ each represents a group defined identically with R¹ informula (1-2); X²² each represents alkenyl or a group having acarbon-carbon triple bond; L represents a single bond, —O—, —CH₂—,—(CH₂)₂—, —(CH₂)₃—, —(CH₂)₄—, 1,4-phenylene, 4,4′-diphenylene,4,4′-oxy-1,1′-diphenylene or a group represented by formula (c); informula (c), R² each represents a group defined identically with R¹; andm represents an integer of from 1 to 30:

wherein R² each represents a group defined identically with R¹ informula (1-2); at least two of X²² each represents alkenyl or a grouphaving a carbon-carbon triple bond, and the balance of X²² eachrepresents a group defined identically with R in formula (1-2); erepresents 0 or 1; and n represents an integer of from 3 to 30:

wherein R and R¹ each represents groups defined identically with R andR¹ in formula (1-2), respectively; and at least two of X³² eachrepresents alkenyl or a group having a carbon-carbon triple bond, andthe balance of X³² represents R¹:

wherein R each represents a group defined identically with R in formula(1-2); and Y² each represents a group represented by formula (a-2) orformula (b-2):

in each of formula (a-2) and formula (b-2), at least one of X³²represents alkenyl, and the balance of X³² each represents a groupdefined identically with R; and in formula (b-2), Z represents a singlebond, —O— or —CH₂—:H₂C═CH—R³—CH═CH₂  (d-1)HC≡C—R³—C≡CH  (d-2)R⁴—C≡C—R⁴  (d-3)R⁴—C≡C—C≡C—R⁴  (d-4) in each of formula (d-1) to formula (d-4), R³ eachrepresents alkylene having a carbon number of from 1 to 40 or phenylene;R⁴ each represents alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8 orphenyl; in each of the alkylene having a carbon number of from 1 to 40and the alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8, arbitrary —CH₂— maybe replaced by —O— or —COO—; and in the phenyl, arbitrary hydrogen maybe replaced by halogen or alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 4.9. The polymer according to claim 8, wherein in formula (1-2), X¹² eachrepresents hydrogen; in formula (2-2), two of X²² each represents vinyl,allyl or styryl, and the balance thereof represents R¹; in formula(3-2), X²² each represents vinyl, allyl or styryl; in formula (4-2), twoof X²² each represents vinyl, allyl or styryl, and the balance thereofeach represents a group defined identically with R in formula (1-2); informula (5-2), at least two of X³² each represents vinyl, allyl orstyryl, and the balance of X³² represents R¹; n each of formula (a-2)and formula (b-2), one of X³² represents vinyl, allyl or styryl, and thebalance thereof each represents alkyl having a carbon number of from 1to 8, unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl; and in formula(b-2), Z represents —O—.
 10. The polymer according to claim 8, whereinin formula (1-2), all R each represents unsubstituted phenyl, and X¹²each represents hydrogen; in each of formula (1-2), formula (2-2),formula (3-2) and formula (5-2), R¹ each represents alkyl having acarbon number of from 1 to 8, unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl orcyclohexyl; in formula (2-2), two of X²² each represents vinyl, allyl orstyryl, and the balance thereof represents R¹; in formula (3-2), X²²each represents vinyl, allyl or styryl; in formula (4-2), two of X²²each represents vinyl, allyl or styryl, and the balance thereof eachrepresents unsubstituted phenyl; in formula (5-2), at least two of X³²each represents vinyl, allyl or styryl, and the balance of X³²represents R¹; in each of formula (a-2) and formula (b-2), one of X³²represents vinyl, allyl or styryl, and the balance thereof eachrepresents alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 4 or unsubstitutedphenyl; and in formula (b-2), Z represents —O—.
 11. A process forproducing the polymer as described in claim 4, which comprises reactinga silsesquioxane derivative represented by formula (1-1) with at leastone compound selected from a silsesquioxane derivative represented byformula (1-2), a compound represented by formula (2-1), a compoundrepresented by formula (3-1), a compound represented by formula (4-1), acompound represented by formula (5-1) and a compound represented byformula (6-1) in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst:

wherein all R each unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; R¹each represents alkyl having 1-8 carbon atoms, unsubstituted phenyl,cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl; and at least two of X¹¹ each represents agroup having —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the balance of X¹¹ each represents agroup defined identically with R¹:

wherein R and R¹ are defined identically with R and R¹ in formula (1-1),respectively; and at least two of X¹² each represents hydrogen, and thebalance of X¹² each represents a group defined identically with R¹:

wherein R¹ represents a group defined identically with R¹ in formula(1-1); and at least two of X²¹ each represents hydrogen, and the balanceof X²¹ represents a group defined identically with R¹:

wherein R¹ each represents a group defined identically with R¹ informula (1-1); and L represents a single bond, —O—, —CH₂—, —(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₃—, —(CH₂)₄—, 1,4-phenylene, 4,4′-diphenylene,4,4′-oxy-1,1′-diphenylene or a group represented by formula (c):

wherein R² each represents a group defined identically with R¹; and mrepresents an integer of from 1 to 30:

wherein R² each represents a group defined identically with R¹ informula (2-1); at least two of X²¹ each represents hydrogen, and thebalance of X²¹ each represents a group defined identically with R informula (1-1); e represents 0 or 1; and n represents an integer of from3 to 30:

wherein R and R¹ each represents groups defined identically with R andR¹ in formula (1-1), respectively; and at least two of X³¹ eachrepresents hydrogen, and the balance of X³¹ represents R¹:

wherein R each represents a group defined identically with R in formula(1-1); and Y¹ represents a group represented by formula (a-1) or formula(b-1):

in each of formula (a-1) and formula (b-1), at least one of X³¹represents hydrogen, and the balance of X³¹ each represents a groupdefined identically with R; and in formula (b-1), Z represents a singlebond, —O—or 'CH₂—.
 12. A process for producing the polymer as describedin claim 8, which comprises reacting a silsesquioxane derivativerepresented by formula (1-2) with at least one compound selected from acompound represented by formula (2-2), a compound represented by formula(3-2), a compound represented by formula (4-2), a compound representedby formula (5-2), a compound represented by formula (6-2), a compoundrepresented by formula (d-1), a compound represented by formula (d-2), acompound represented by formula (d-3) and a compound represented byformula (d-4) in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst:

wherein all R each represents unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl andcyclohexyl; R¹ each represents alkyl having 1-8 carbon atoms,unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl; and at least two of X¹²each represents hydrogen, and the balance of X¹² each represents a groupdefined identically with R¹:

wherein R¹ represents a group defined identically with R¹ in formula(1-2); and at least two of X²² each represents alkenyl or a group havinga carbon-carbon triple bond, and the balance of X²² each represents agroup defined identically with R¹:

wherein R¹ each represents a group defined identically with R¹ informula (1-2); X²² each represents alkenyl or a group having acarbon-carbon triple bond; L represents a single bond, —O—,—CH₂—,—(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₃—, —(CH₂)₄—, 1,4-phenylene, 4,4′-diphenylene, 4,4′-oxy-1,1′-diphenylene or a group represented by formula (c); in formula (c),R² each represents a group defined identically with R¹; and m representsan integer of from 1 to 30:

wherein R² each represents a group defined identically with R¹ informula (1-2); at least two of X²² each represents alkenyl or a grouphaving a carbon-carbon triple bond, and the balance of X²² eachrepresents a group defined identically with R in formula (1-2); erepresents 0 or 1; and n represents an integer of from 3 to 30:

wherein R and R¹ each represents groups defined identically with R andR¹ in formula (1-2), respectively; and at least two of X³² eachrepresents alkenyl or a group having a carbon-carbon triple bond, andthe balance of X³² represents R¹:

wherein R each represents a group defined identically with R in formula(1-2); and Y² each represents a group represented by formula (a-2) orformula (b-2):

in each of formula (a-2) and formula (b-2), at least one of X³²represents alkenyl, and the balance of X³² each represents a groupdefined identically with R; and in formula (b-2), Z represents a singlebond, —O— or —CH₂—:H₂C═CH—R³—CH═CH₂  (d-1)HC≡C—R³—C≡CH  (d-2)R⁴—C≡C—R⁴  (d-3)R⁴—C≡C—C≡C—R⁴  (d-4) in each of formula (d-1) to formula (d-4), R³ eachrepresents alkylene having a carbon number of from 1 to 40 or phenylene;R¹ each represents alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8 orphenyl; in each of the alkylene having a carbon number of from 1 to 40and the alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 8, arbitrary —CH₂— maybe replaced by —O— or —COO—; and in the phenyl, arbitrary hydrogen maybe replaced by halogen or alkyl having a carbon number of from 1 to 4.13. A coating film obtained by applying the polymer as described inclaim 4 on a substrate and heating it.
 14. A coating film obtained byapplying the polymer as described in claim 8 on a substrate and heatingit.
 15. A film for preventing elution of metallic ions obtained byapplying the polymer as described in claim 4 on a substrate and heatingit.
 16. A film for preventing elution of metallic ions obtained byapplying the polymer as described in claim 4 on a substrate and heatingit.
 17. A polymer obtained by reacting a silsesquioxane derivativerepresented by formula (1-3) with a compound having at least two groupscapable of reacting with X¹³ in formula (1-3):

wherein all R⁰ each unsubstituted phenyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; R¹each represents alkyl having 1-8 carbon atoms, unsubstituted phenyl,cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl; and at least two of X¹³ each represents agroup having one of —OH, —COOH, 2-oxapropane-1,3-dioyl, and —NH₂, andthe balance of X¹³ each independently represents a group definedidentically with R¹.